genetics

1. Asara J.M., Schweitzer M.H., Freimark L.M., Phillips M. and Cantley L.C. 2007. Protein sequences from mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex revealed by mass spectrometry.Science 316: 280-285.

2. Binladen J., Gilbert M.T.P. and Willerslev E. 2007. 800,000 year old mammoth DNA, modern elephant DNA or PCR artefact?Biology Letters 3: 55-56.

3. Binladen J., Gilbert M.T. and Willerslev E. 2007. 800,000 year old mammoth DNA, modern elephant DNA or PCR artefact?Biol Lett 3: 55-56.

4. Hollister-Smith J.A., Poole J.H., Archie E.A. et al. 2007. Age, musth and paternity success in wild maleAfrican elephants, Loxodonta africana.Animal Behaviour 74: 287-296.

5. Hubbard, T. J., Beal, K., Ballester, B., Caccamo, M., Chen, Y., Clarke, L., and Coates, G. Ensembl 2007. Nucleic Acids Res Nucleic Acids Res. 2007 Jan;35(Database issue):D610-7. Epub 2006 Dec 5. 2007.
Ref Type: Electronic Citation

6. Kellogg M.E., Burkett S., Dennis T.R. et al. 2007. Chromosome painting in the manatee supports Afrotheria and Paenungulata.BMC Evolutionary Biology 7.

7. Kullberg M., Hallström B., Arnason U. and Janke A. 2007. Expressed sequence tags as a tool for phylogenetic analysis of placental mammal evolution.PLoS ONE E publication Aug 22;2(1):e775.

8. Lynn D.J. and Bradley D.G. 2007. Discovery of alpha-defensins in basal mammals.Dev Comp Immunol 2007 Mar 2; [Epub ahead of print].

9. Mailand C. and Wasser S.K. 2007. Isolation of DNA from small amounts of elephant ivory.Nat Protoc 2: 2228-2232.

10. Mailand C. and Wasser S.K. 2007. Isolation of DNA from small amounts of elephant ivory.Nature Protocols doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.318.

11. Matsumoto K., Parola P., Rolain J.M., Jeffery K. and Raoult D. 2007. Detection of "Rickettsia sp. strain Uilenbergi" and "Rickettsia sp. strain Davousti" in Amblyomma tholloni ticks from elephants in Africa.BMC Microbiol 7: 74 [Epub ahead of print].

12. Murphy W.J., Pringle T.H., Crider T.A., Springer M.S. and Miller W. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny.Genome Research 17: 413-421.

13. Orlando L., Pages M., Calvignac S., Hughes S. and Hanni C. 2007. Does the 43 bp sequence from an 800,000 year old Cretan dwarf elephantid really rewrite the textbook on mammoths?Biology Letters 3: 57-59.

14. Orlando L., PagÃ©s M., Calvignac S., Hughes S. and HÃ¤nni C. 2007. Does the 43 bp sequence from an 800,000 year old cretan dwarf elephantid really rewrite the textbook on mammoths?Biol Lett 3: 57-59.

15. Pan D. 2007. Hippo signaling in organ size control.Genes Dev 21: 886-897.

16. Pardini A.T., O'Brien P.C., Fu B. et al. 2007. Chromosome painting among Proboscidea, Hyracoidea and Sirenia: support for Paenungulata (Afrotheria, Mammalia) but not Tethytheria.Proc Biol Sci 274: 1333-1340.

17. Pardini A.T., O'Brien P.C.M., Fu B. et al. 2007. Chromosome painting among Proboscidea, Hyracoidea and Sirenia: Support for Paenungulata (Afrotheria, Mammalia) but not Tethytheria.Proceedings Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 274: 1333-1340.

18. Rohland N., Malaspinas A.S., Pollack J.L., Slatkin M. and Matheus P. 2007. Proboscidean mitogenomics: Chronology and mode of elephant evolution using mastodon as outgroup.PLoS Biol 5: e207. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207.

19. Sreekumar E., Janki M.B.V., Arathy D.S. et al. 2007. Molecular characterization and expression of Interferon-gamma of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Vet Immunol Immunopathol 118: 75-83.

20. Wallis M. 2007. Mammalian genome projects reveal new growth hormone (GH) sequences Characterization of the GH-encoding genes of armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus),hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), bat (Myotis lucifugus), hyrax (Procavia capensis), shrew (Sorex araneus), ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), elephant (Loxodonta africana), cat (Felis catus) and opossum (Monodelphis domestica).Gen Comp Endocrinol Epub ahead of print.

21. Wasser S.K., Mailand C., Booth R. et al. 2007. Using DNA to track the origin of the largest ivory seizure since the 1989 trade ban.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104: 4228-4233.

22. Wellehan J.F., Johnson A.J., Childress A.L., Harr K.E. and Isaza R. 2007. Six novel gammaherpesviruses of Afrotheria provide insight into the early divergence of the Gammaherpesvirinae.Vet Microbiol 2007 Aug 19; [Epub ahead of print].

23. Archie E.A., Moss C.J. and Alberts S.C. 2006. The ties that bind: genetic relatedness predicts the fission and fusion of social groups in wild African elephants.Proc Biol Sci 273: 513-522.

24. Ball R.L., Dumonceaux G., Olsen J.H., Burton M.S. and Lyashchenko K. 2006. Comparison of trunk wash results matched to multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). 2006 Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 303-304.

25. Bojesen A.M., Olsen K.E. and Bertelsen M.F. 2006. Fatal enterocolitis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) caused by Clostridium difficile.Vet Microbiol Epub ahead of print.

26. Cooper A. 2006. The year of the mammoth.PLoS Biology 4: 1-3.

27. Ehlers B., Dural G., Marschall M. et al. 2006. Endotheliotropic elephant herpesvirus, the first betaherpesvirus with a thymidine kinase gene.Journal of General Virology 87: 2781-2789.

28. Gupta S.K., Thangaraj K. and Singh L. 2006. A simple and inexpensive molecular method for sexing and identification of the forensic samples of elephant origin.J Forensic Sci 51: 805-807.

29. Hildebrandt T.B., Hermes R., Ratanakorn P. et al. 2006. Ultrasonographic assessment and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes in elephants. 2006 Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 117-118.

30. Kitakado T., Kitada S., Kishino H. and Skaug H.J. 2006. An integrated-likelihood method for estimating genetic differentiation between populations.Genetics 173: 2073-2082.

31. Krause J., Dear P.H., Pollack J.L. et al. 2006. Multiplex amplification of the mammoth mitochondrial genome and the evolution of Elephantidae.Nature 439: 724-727.

32. Poinar H.N., Schwarz C., Qi J. et al. 2006. Metagenomics to paleogenomics: large-scale sequencing of mammoth DNA.Science 311: 392-394.

33. Poulakakis N., Parmakelis A., Lymberakis P. et al. 2006. Ancient DNA forces reconsideration of evolutionary history of Mediterranean pygmy elephantids.Biology Letters 2: 451-454.

34. Reid C.E., Hildebrandt T.B., Marx N. et al. 2006. Endotheliotropic elephant herpes virus (EEHV) infection. The first PCR-confirmed fatal case in Asia.Vet Q 28: 61-64.

35. Rogaev E.I., Moliaka Y.K., Malyarchuk B.A. et al. 2006. Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of Pleistocene mammoth Mammuthus primigenius.PLoS Biology 4: 1-8.

36. Sa-Ardrit M., Saikhun J., Thongtip N. et al. 2006. Ultrastructural alterations of frozen-thawed Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa.Int J Androl 29: 346-352.

37. Thitaram C., Thongtip N., Somgird C. et al. 2006. Molecular tool for genetic management and parentage test to control poaching in Asian elephants. Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., pp. 205-209.

38. Vidya T.N.C. and Sukumar R. 2006. Social organization of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in southern India as inferred from microsatellite DNA. Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, pp. 214-216.

39. Zuba J.R., Oosterhuis J.E. and Pessier A.P. 2006. The toenail "abscess" in elephants: treatment options including cryotherapy and pathologic similarities with equine proliferative pododermatitis (canker). 2006 Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 187-190.

40. Bertelsen M.F., Bojesen M. and Olsen K.E.P. 2005. Fatal enterocolitis in two Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) caused by Clostridium difficile. 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 66-67.

41. Debruyne R. 2005. A case study of apparent conflict between molecular phylogenies: the interrelationships of African elephants.Cladistics 21: 31-50.

42. Hildebrandt T.B., Hermes R., Ratanakorn P. et al. 2005. Ultrasonographic assessment and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Vet Rec 157: 544-548.

43. Lacasse C., Gamble K.C., Terio K. et al. 2005. Mycobacterium szulgai osteoarthritis and pneumonia in an African elephant (Loxodonta Africana). 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 170-172.

44. Nishihara H., Satta Y., Nikaido M. et al. 2005. A retroposon analysis of Afrotherian phylogeny.Mol Biol Evol 22: 1823-1833.

45. Okello J.B., Wittemyer G., Rasmussen H.B. et al. 2005. Noninvasive genotyping and Mendelian analysis of microsatellites in African savannah elephants.J Hered 96: 679-687.

46. Raubenheimer E.J. and Ngwenya S.P. 2005. The role of ivory in the survival of the African elephant.SADJ 60: 426, 430.

47. Roca A.L., Georgiadis N. and O'Brien S.J. 2005. Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species.Nat Genet 37: 96-100.

48. Roca A.L. and O'Brien S.J. 2005. Genomic inferences from Afrotheria and the evolution of elephants.Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 15: 652-659.

49. Saragusty J., Hildebrandt T.B., Natan Y. et al. 2005. Effect of egg-phosphatidylcholine on the chilling sensitivity and lipid phase transition of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa.Zoo Biology 24: 233-245.

50. Vidya T.N., Fernando P., Melnick D.J. and Sukumar R. 2005. Population differentiation within and among Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) populations in southern India.Heredity 94: 71-80.

51. Vidya T.N.C. and Sukumar R. 2005. Amplification success and feasibility of using microsatellite loci amplified from dung to population genetic studies of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Current Science 88: 489-492.

52. Vidya T.N.C. and Sukumar K. 2005. Social organization of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in southern India inferred from microsatellite DNA.J Ethol 23: 205-210.

53. Walker C.L. and Stewart E.A. 2005. Uterine fibroids: the elephant in the room.Science 308: 1589-1592.

54. Yokoyama S., Takenaka N., Agnew D.W. and Shoshani J. 2005. Elephants and human color-blind deuteranopes have identical sets of visual pigments.Genetics 170: 335-344.

55. Graham L.H., Bando J., Gray C. and Buhr M.M. 2004. Liquid storage of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) sperm at 4 degrees C.Anim Reprod Sci 80: 329-340.

56. Greenwood A.D., Englbrecht C.C. and MacPhee R.D. 2004. Characterization of an endogenous retrovirus class in elephants and their relatives.BMC Evol Biol. 11: 38.

57. Thongtip N., Saikhun J., Damyang M. et al. 2004. Evaluation of post-thaw Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa using flow cytometry: The effects of extender and cryoprotectant.Theriogenology 62: 748-760.

58. Wasser S.K., Shedlock A.M., Comstock K. et al. 2004. Assigning African elephant DNA to geographic region of origin: applications to the ivory trade.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101: 14847-14852.

59. Archie E.A., Moss C.J. and Alberts S.C. 2003. Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the African Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana africana).Molecular Ecology Notes 3: 244-246.

60. Debruyne R., Van Holt A., Barriel V. and Tassy P. 2003. Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)): phylogeny of cytochrome b and mitochondrial control region sequences.C R Biol 326: 687-697.

61. Eggert L.S., Eggert J.A. and Woodruff D.S. 2003. Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana.Mol Ecol 12: 1389-1402.

62. Fernando P., Vidya T.N., Rajapakse C. et al. 2003. Reliable noninvasive genotyping: fantasy or reality?J Hered 94: 115-123.

63. Fernando P., Vidya T.N., Payne J. et al. 2003. DNA analysis indicates that Asian elephants are native to Borneo and are therefore a hgh priority for conservation.PLoS Biol. 1: E6 (Epub 2003 Aug 18).

64. Fronicke L., Wienberg J., Stone G., Adams L. and Stanyon R. 2003. Towards the delineation of the ancestral eutherian genome organization: comparative genome maps of human and the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) generated by chromosome painting.Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 270: 1331-1340.

65. Hermes R., Arav A., Saragusty J. et al. 2003. Cryopreservation of Asian elephant spermatozoa using directional freezing. Proc.Amer Assoc of Zoo Veterinarians, p. 264.

66. Vidya T.N.C., Kumar V.R., Arivazhagan C. and Sukumar R. 2003. Application of molecular sexing to free-ranging Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) populations in southern India.Current Science 85: 1074-1077.

67. Yang F., Alkalaeva E.Z., Perelman P.L. et al. 2003. Reciprocal chromosome painting among human, aardvark, and elephant (superorder Afrotheria) reveals the likely eutherian ancestral karyotype.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 1062-1066.

68. Comstock K.E., Georgiadis N., Pecon-Slattery J. et al. 2002. Patterns of molecular genetic variation among African elephant populations.Mol Ecol 11: 2489-2498.

69. Nyakaana S., Arctander P. and Siegismund H.R. 2002. Population structure of the African savannah elephant inferred from mitochondrial control region sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci.Heredity 89: 90-98.

70. Roca A.L., Georgiadis N., Pecon-Slattery J. and O'Brien S.J. 2002. Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa.Science 293: 1473-1477.

71. Vogel G. 2002. Ecology. African elephant species splits in two.Science 293: 1414.

72. Burkhardt S., Goltz M., Bergmann V. et al. 2001. Genetic and ultrastructural characterization of a European isolate of the fatal endotheliotropic elephant herpesvirus.Journal of General Virology 82: 475-482.

73. Comstock K.E., Ostrander E.A. and Wasser S.K. 2001. A Genetic Method for Determining the Geographic Origin of Poached African Elephant Ivory. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 256. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

74. Fernando P., Vidya T.N.C. and Melnick D.J. 2001. Isolation and characterization of tri- and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus.Molecular Ecology Notes 1: 232-233.

75. Fernando P. and Melnick D.J. 2001. Molecular sexing eutherian mammals.Molecular Ecology Notes 1: 350-353.

76. Fleischer R.C., Perry E.A., Muralidharan K., Stevens E.E. and Wemmer C.M. 2001. Phylogeography of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA.Evolution 55: 1882-1892.

77. Houck M.L., Kumamoto A.T., Gallagher D.S.Jr. and Benirschke K. 2001. Comparative cytogenetics of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus).Cytogeneticsand Cell Genetics 93: 249-252.

78. Muller S., Steinborn R., Schwammer H. and Muller M. 2001. Molecular Genetic Identification of Elephant Products. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 277. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

79. Murphy W.J., Eizirik E., Johnson W.E. et al. 2001. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals.Nature 409: 614-618.

80. Okayama T., Sugardjito J. and Yusuf I. 2001. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Sumatran Elephants. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 278-281. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

81. Southern S. 2001. Molecular analysis of stress-activated proteins and genes in dolphins and whales: a new technique for monitoring environmental stress. Proc AAZV and AAAM Joint Conference, pp. 240-242.

82. Tiedemann R., Kurt F., Gonnesekere N., Gunasekera M. and Ratnasooriya W.D. 2001. Population Dynamics in Wild-Living and Captive Asian Elephants: Demographic and Genetic Aspects. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 140. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

83. Whitehouse A.M. and Harley E.H. 2001. Post-bottleneck genetic diversity of elephant populations in South Africa,revealed using microsatellite analysis.Mol Ecol 10: 2139-2149.

84. Whitehouse A.M. and Harley E.H. 2001. Genetic Diversity and Paternity of the Elephant Population in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 146. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

85. Comstock K.E., Wasser S.K. and Ostrander E.A. 2000. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci identified in the African elephant(Loxodonta africana).Mol Ecol 9: 1004-1006.

86. Eggert L.S., Ramakrishnan U., Mundy N.I. and Woodruff D.S. 2000. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and their use in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Molecular Ecology 9: 2223-2225.

87. Fernando P. and Lande R. 2000. Molecular genetic and behavioral analysis of social organization in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 48: 84-89.

88. Fernando P., Pfrender M.E., Encalada S.E. and Lande R. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA variation, phylogeography and population structure of the Asian elephant.Heredity 84: 362-372.

89. Suwattana D., Koykul W., Mahasawangkul S. et al. 2000. The GTG-banded karyotype and telomere FISH in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Veterinarni Medicina 45: 10-11.

90. Thomas M.G., Hagelberg E., Jones H.B., Yang Z. and Lister A.M. 2000. Molecular and morphological evidence on the phylogeny of the Elephantidae.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London SeriesB, Biological-Sciences 267:1561: 2493-2500.

91. Tiedemann R., Hardy O., Vekemans X. and Milinkovitch M.C. 2000. Higher impact of female than male migration on population structure in large mammals.Mol Ecol 9: 1159-1163.

92. Greenwood A.D. and Paabo S. 1999. Nuclear insertion sequences of mitochondrial DNA predominate in hair but not in blood of elephants.Molecular Ecology 8: 133-137.

93. Greenwood A.D., Capelli C., Possnert G. and Paabo S. 1999. Nuclear DNA sequences from late Pleistocene megafauna.Mol Biol Evol 16: 1466-1473.

94. Holt W.V. and Pickard A.R. 1999. Role of reproductive technologies and genetic resource banks in animal conservation.Rev Reprod 4: 143-150.

95. Nyakaana S. and Arctander P. 1999. Population genetic structure of the African elephant in Uganda based on variation at mitochondrial and nuclear loci: evidence for male-biased gene flow.Mol Ecol 8: 1105-1115.

96. Waddell P.J., Cao Y., Hauf J. and Hasegawa M. 1999. Using novel phylogenetic methods to evaluate mammalian mtDNA, including amino acid-invariant sites-LogDet plus site stripping, to detect internal conflicts in the data, with special reference to the positions of hedgehog, armadillo, and elephant.Syst Biol 48: 31-53.

97. Burk N.E., Messer L.A., Ernst C.W. and Rothschild M.F. 1998. Identification of sequence tagged sites in the Asian and African elephant.Animal Biotechnology 9: 155-160.

98. Chen Y.Z., Liu R.Q., Nai W.H. et al. 1998. The chromosomes of the Asian elephant.Zoological Research 19: 93-94.

99. Gilmore J.A., McGann L.E., Ashworth E. et al. 1998. Fundamental cryobiology of selected African mammalian spermatozoa and its role in biodiversity preservation through the development of genome resource banking.Anim Reprod Sci 53: 277-197.

100. Gunasena K.T., Lakey J.R., Villines P.M. et al. 1998. Antral follicles develop in xenografted cryopreserved African elephant (Loxodonta africana) ovarian tissue.Anim Reprod Sci 53: 265-275.

101. Noro M., Masuda R., Dubrovo I.A., Yoshida M.C. and Kato M. 1998. Molecular phylogenetic inference of the woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius, based on complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S ribosomal RNA genes.J Mol Evol 46: 314-326.

102. Nyakaana S. and Arctander P. 1998. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the African elephant,Loxodonta africana.Mol Ecol 7: 1436-1437.

103. Madsen O., Deen P.M., Pesole G., Saccone C. and De Jong W.W. 1997. Molecular evolution of mammalian aquaporin-2: further evidence that elephant shrew and aardvark join the paenungulate clade.Mol Biol Evol 14: 363-371.

104. Ozawa T., Hayashi S. and Mikhelson V.M. 1997. Phylogenetic position of mammoth and Steller's sea cow within Tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial DNA sequences.J Mol Evol 44: 406-413.

105. Yang H., Golenberg E.M. and Shoshani J. 1997. Proboscidean DNA from museum and fossil specimens: an assessment of ancient DNA extraction and amplification techniques.Biochem Genet 35: 165-179.

106. Lavergne A., Douzery E., Stichler T., Catzeflis F.M. and Springer M.S. 1996. Interordinal mammalian relationships: evidence for paenungulate monophyly is provided by complete mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences.Mol Phylogenet Evol 6: 245-158.

107. Maliarchuk B.A., Derevenko M.V., Lapinskii A.G. and Solovenchuk L.L. 1996. The use of the polymerase chain reaction in analyzing ancient DNAs (exemplified by that of the Enmynveem mammoth).Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 6: 681-686.

108. Porter C.A., Goodman M. and Stanhope M.J. 1996. Evidence on mammalian phylogeny from sequences of exon 28 of the von Willebrand factor gene.Mol Phylogenet Evol 5: 89-101.

109. Rannala B. and Hartigan J.A. 1996. Estimating gene flow in island populations.Genet Res 67: 147-158.

110. Stanhope M.J., Smith M.R., Waddell V.G. et al. 1996. Mammalian evolution and the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP)gene: convincing evidence for several superordinal clades.J Mol Evol 43: 83-92.

111. Yang H., Golenberg E.M. and Shoshani J. 1996. Phylogenetic resolution within the Elephantidae using fossil DNA sequence from the American mastodon (Mammut americanum) as an outgroup.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93: 1190-1194.

112. Bisig D.A., Di Iorio E.E. and Diederichs K. 1995. Crystal structure of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) cyanometmyoglobin at 178-A resolution. Phe29(B10) accounts for its unusual ligand binding properties.Journal of Biological Chemistry 270: 20752-20754.

113. Fernando P. 1995. Implications of Socio-Ecology and Genetics on the Conservation and Management of the Sri Lankan Elephant. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 225-235. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India.

114. Hartl G.B., Kurt F., Hemmer W. and Nadlinger K. 1995. Electrophoretic and chromosomal variation in captive Asian elephants(Elephas maximus).Zoo Biology 14: 87-95.

115. Hauf J., Baur A., Chalwatzis N. et al. 1995. Selective amplification of a mammoth mitochondrial cytochrome b fragment using an elephant-specific primer.Curr Genet 27: 486-487.

116. Mezhzherin S.V. and Morozov-Leonov S.I. 1995. The genetic differentiation of mammalian taxa: their assessment by biochemical genetic markers.Zh Obshch Biol 56: 71-96.

117. Queralt R., Adroer R., Oliva R. et al. 1995. Evolution of protamine P1 genes in mammals.Journal of Molecular Evolution 40: 601-607.

118. Siegismund H.R. and Arctander P. 1995. Structure of African elephant populations.J Hered 86: 467-469.

119. Sukumar R. 1995. Minimum Viable Populations for Asian Elephant Conservation. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 279-288. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India.

120. Sunderraj S.F.W., Mishra B.K. and Johnsingh A.J.T. 1995. Elephant Use of Rajaji - Corbett Forest Corridor, North West India. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 261-269. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India.

121. Ye Htut U. 1995. Management of Wild Elephants in Myanmar. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 236-241. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India.

122. Zhao X., Vyas K., Nguyen B.D. et al. 1995. A double mutant of sperm whale myoglobin mimics the structure and function of elephant myoglobin.J Biol Chem 270: 20763-20764.

123. Bischof L.L. and Duffield D.A. 1994. Relatedness estimation of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximas) by DNA fingerprinting.Zoo Biology 13: 77-82.

124. Georgiadis N., Bischof L., Templeton A. et al. 1994. Structure and history of African elephant populations: I. Eastern and southern Africa.J Hered 85: 100-104.

125. Hagelberg E., Thomas M.G., Cook C.E.Jr. et al. 1994. DNA from ancient mammoth bones.Nature 370: 333-334.

126. Hoss M., Paabo S. and Vereshchagin N.K. 1994. Mammoth DNA sequences.Nature 370: 333.

127. Coetzee E.M., Van-der-Bank F.H. and Critser J.K. 1993. Allozyme variation in a wild African elephant (Loxodonta africana) population from the Kruger National Park, South Africa.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Comparative-Biochemistry 106: 109-114.

128. Ermel R.W., Kenny T.P., Chen P.P. and Robbins D.L. 1993. Molecular analysis of rheumatoid factors derived from rheumatoid synovium suggests an antigen-driven response in inflamed joints.Arthritis and Rheumatism 36: 380-388.

129. Ma D.P., Zharkikh A., Graur D., VandeBerg J.L. and Li W.H. 1993. Structure and evolution of opossum, guinea pig, and porcupine cytochrome b genes.J Mol Evol 36: 327-334.

130. Sakthikumar A., Mukundan G. and Raghunandanan K.V. 1992. Chromosome profile of Indian elephants. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 41-42. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

131. Irwin D.M., Kocher T.D. and Wilson A.C. 1991. Evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals.J Mol Evol 32: 128-144.

132. Sakthikumar A., Mukundan G. and Raghunandanan K. 1990. Chromosome profile of Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus).Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 60: 175-182.

133. Merkt H., Bader H., Rath D. and Dittrich L. 1987. An attempt to deep-freeze elephant semen.Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 94: 488-489.

134. Howard J.G., Bush M., de Vos V. et al. 1986. Influence of cryoprotective diluent on post-thaw viability and acrosomal integrity of spermatozoa of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana).Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 78: 295-306.

135. Pilaski J., Rosen A. and Darai G. 1986. Comparative analysis of the genomes of orthopoxviruses isolated from elephant, rhinoceros, and okapi by restriction enzymes. Brief report.Archives of Virology 88: 135-142.

136. Ryder O.A. 1986. Genetic investigations: tools for supportings breeding programme goals.International Zoo Yearbook 24/25: 157-162.

137. Howard J.G., Bush M., Schiewe M.C., de Vos V. and Wildt D.E. 1985. Further developments in comparative semen freezing in free-ranging African elephants.Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: 31-32.

138. Johnson P.H., Olson C.B. and Goodman M. 1985. Isolation and characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid from tissue of the woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius.Comp Biochem Physiol B 81: 1045-1051.

139. 1979. "Motty" -- Birth of an African/Asian elephant at Chester Zoo.Elephant 1: 36-40.

140. De Jong W.W., Nuy-Terwindt E.C. and Versteeg M. 1977. Primary structures of alpha crystallin A chains of elephant, whale, hyrax and rhinoceros.Biochim.Biophys.Acta 491: 573-580.

141. Jones R.C., Bailey D.W. and Skinner J.D. 1975. Studies on the collection and storage of semen from the African elephant, Loxodonta africana.Koedoe 18: 147-164.

142. Thurig D. 1970. Karyotype and sex chromatin of the African elephant.Acta Anatomica Nipponica 75: 6-12.

143. Norberg H.S. 1969. The chromosomes of the Indian female elephant (Elephas indicus Syn. E. maximus).Hereditas 63: 279-281.

144. Hooijer D.A. 1967. Indo-Australian insular elephants.Genetica 38: 143-162.

145. Hungerford D.A., Chandra H.S., Snyder R.L. and Ulmer F.A. 1966. Chromosomes of three elephants, two Asian (Elephas maximus) and one African (Loxodonta africana).Cytogenetics 5: 243-246.

146. Rao S.R.V. and Prasad M.R.N. 1963. The nuclear sex in the Indian elephant, Elephas maximus L.Naturwissenechaften 50: 313.

147. Venkatasubba R.S.R. and Prasad M.R.N. 1963. The nuclear sex in the Indian elephant, Elephas maximus L.Naturwissenechaften 50: 313.

Return to Database Index

Return to Top