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Database Index Musculoskeletal (The following additional keywords have been used to categorize articles within this section and may assist your search.) arthritis, biomechanics, femur, foot care, foot disorders, fracture, locomotion, musculoskeletal, osteomyelitis, trunk
Elephant
Bibliographic
Database References Updated October 2007 1. Bicer S. and Reiser P.J. 2007. Variations in apparent mass of mammalian fast-type myosin light chains correlate with species body size, from shrew to elephant.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 292: R527-R534. 2. Bouley D.M., Alarcón C.N., Hildebrandt T., O'connell-Rodwell C.E. and . 2007. The distribution, density and three-dimensional histomorphology of Pacinian corpuscles in the foot of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and their potential role in seismic communication.J Anat Aug 15; [Epub ahead of print]. 3. Dai X., Shannon G., Slotow R., Page B. and Duffy K.J. 2007. Short-Duration Daytime Movements Of A Cow Herd Of African Elephants.Journal of Mammalogy 88: 151-157. 4. Hildebrandt T., Drews B., Gaeth A.P. et al. 2007. Foetal age determination and development in elephants.Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 274: 323-331. 5. Lacasse C., Terio K., Kinsel M.J. et al. 2007. Two cases of atypical mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium szulgai associated with mortality in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 38: 101-107. 6. Ren L. and Hutchinson J.R. 2007. The three-dimensional locomotor dynamics of African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants reveal a smooth gait transition at moderate speed.J R Soc Interface Epub ahead of print. 7. Ren L. and Hutchinson J. 2007. Three-dimensional locomotor dynamics of African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants.Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146: S110-S111.
8.
Ruf, T., Valencak, T., Tataruch, F., and Arnold, W. Running Speed in
Mammals Increases with Muscle n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content.
PLoS ONE. 2006 Dec 20;1:e65. 2007. 9. Witter K., Egger G.F. and Boeck P. 2007. Renaut bodies in nerves of the trunk of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana.J Morphol 268: 414-422. 10. Ball R., Dumonceaux G., Olsen J. and Burton M.S. 2006. Comparison of trunk wash results matched to Multiantigen Print Immunoassay (MAPIA) in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Proceedings International Elephant Conservation and Research Symposium: 242-243. 11. Ball R.L., Dumonceaux G., Olsen J.H., Burton M.S. and Lyashchenko K. 2006. Comparison of trunk wash results matched to multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). 2006 Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 303-304. 12. Benz A., Zenker W., Hildebrandt T.B., Weissengruber G. and Geyer H. 2006. Recent findings about the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the elephants hooves (Elephantidae). Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, pp. 38-41. 13. Dale R.H.I. 2006. Variability in the gaits of African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, pp. 77-81. 14. Henderson D.M. 2006. Burly gaits: Centers of mass, stability, and the trackways of sauropod dinosaurs.Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26: 907-921. 15. Hutchinson J.R., Schwerda D., Famini D.J. et al. 2006. The locomotor kinematics of Asian and African elephants: changes with speed and size.J Exp Biol 209 (Pt 19): 3812-3827.
16.
Kilgallon C., Flach E., Boardman W. et al. 2006.
Biochemical
markers of bone in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): a cross sectional
analysis of two serum markers of bone formation and one serum marker of
bone resorption. 17. Liang Y., McMeeking R.M. and Evans A.G. 2006. A finite element simulation scheme for biological muscular hydrostats.J Theor Biol Epub ahead of print. 18. Sarma B., Dutta B. and Lekharu J.C. 2006. Critical care of an elephant calf suffering from femur fracture. Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, p. 170. 19. Sarma K.K. and Thomas S. 2006. Foot diseases in the working elephants in eastern India. Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, pp. 262-270. 20. Schmitt D., Cartmill M., Griffin T.M., Hanna J.B. and Lemelin P. 2006. Adaptive value of ambling gaits in primates and other mammals.J Exp Biol 209 (Pt 11): 2042-2049. 21. Takahashi H., Yamashita M. and Shigehara N. 2006. Cranial photographs of mammals on the web: The Mammalian Crania Photographic Archive (MCPA2) and a comparison of bone image databases.Anthropological Science 114: 217-222. 22. Wall J., Douglas-Hamilton I. and Vollrath F. 2006. Elephants avoid costly mountaineering.Current Biology 16: 527-529. 23. Weissengruber G.E., Egger G.F., Hutchinson J.R. et al. 2006. The structure of the cushions in the feet of African elephants (Loxodonta africana).Journal of Anatomy 209: 781-792. 24. Weissengruber G.E., Fuss F.K., Egger G. et al. 2006. The elephant knee joint: morphological and biomechanical considerations.Journal of Anatomy 208: 59-72.
25.
Wynne J. and Greer L. 2006. Management of digital osteomyelitis in an
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). 26. Zuba J.R., Oosterhuis J.E. and Pessier A.P. 2006. The toenail "abscess" in elephants: treatment options including cryotherapy and pathologic similarities with equine proliferative pododermatitis (canker). 2006 Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 187-190. 27. Benz A. 2005. The elephant's hoof: macroscopic and microscopic morphology of defined locations under consideration of pathological changes. Inaugural Dissertation Vetsuisse-Fakultät Universität Zürich. 28. Benz A., Zenker W., Hildebrandt T.B., Weissengruber G.E. and Geyer H. 2005. About the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of elephants' hooves (Elephantidae). Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verhandlungsbericht des Internationalen Symposiums über die Erkrankungen der Zoo- und Wildtiere / International Symposium on Diseases of Zoo and Wild Animals, pp. 164-166. 29. Benz A. 2005. The elephant's hoof: Macroscopic and microscopic morphology of defined locations under consideration of pathological changes. University of Zurich, Zurich. 30. Konishi S. 2005. Jaws of herbivorous mammals.Clin Calcium 15: 1414-1417. 31. Lacasse C., Gamble K.C., Terio K. et al. 2005. Mycobacterium szulgai osteoarthritis and pneumonia in an African elephant (Loxodonta Africana). 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 170-172. 32. Larsen R.S., Kay M., Triantis J. and Salman M.D. 2005. Update on serological detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Asian elephants. 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 62-63. 33. Luikart K.A. and Stover S.M. 2005. Chronic sole ulcerations associated with degenerative bone disease in two Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 36: 684-688. 34. Lyashchenko K., Miller M. and Waters W.R. 2005. Application of MAPIA (Multiple antigen print immunoassay) and rapid lateral flow technology for tuberculosis testing of elephants. 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 64-65. 35. Mobasheri A., Gent T.C., Womack M.D. et al. 2005. Quantitative analysis of voltage-gated potassium currents from primary equine (Equus caballus) and elephant (Loxodonta africana) articular chondrocytes.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289: 172-180. 36. Neil K.M., Caron J.P. and Orth M.W. 2005. The role of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in treatment for and prevention of osteoarthritis in animals.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226: 1079-1088. 37. Ortolani A., Leong K., Graham L. and Savage A. 2005. Behavioral indices of estrus in a group of captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana).Zoo Biology 24: 311-329. 38. Rush E.M., Brawner W.R., Ogburn A.L., Marshall A. and Hathcock J.T. 2005. Comparison of radiographs versus computed tomography evaluation of the distal limb in an Asian elephant. 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 68-69. 39. Elvin M. 2004. The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. Yale University Press, pp.1-547. 40. Seidon A. and Hine E.A.S. 2004. Acupuncture treatment on a female Asian elephant with trunk paralysis.Science India 9 and 10: 82-85. 41. Stringfield C.E., Oh P., Granich R. et al. 2004. Epidemiologic investigation of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a metropolitan zoo. 2004 PROCEEDINGS AAZV, AAWV, WDA JOINT CONFERENCE, pp. 46-48. 42. Weissengruber G.E. and Forstenpointner G. 2004. Musculature of the crus and pes of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana): insight into semiplantigrade limb architecture.Anat Embryol (Berl). 208: 451-461. 43. Xie H. 2004. How to use acupuncture for elephants. The North American Veterinary Conference, pp. 1457-1458. 44. 2003. Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi, pp.1-199. 45. Bechert U., Christensen J.M. and Finnegan M. 2003. Pharmacokinetics of orally administered ibuprofen in elephants. Proc Amer Assoc Zoo Vet, pp. 84-85. 46. Hutchinson J.R., Famini D., Lair R. and Kram R. 2003. Biomechanics: Are fast-moving elephants really running?Nature 422: 493-494. 47. Kajaysri J., Huayjunteuk S., Reunpech S., Thammakarn C. and et al. 2003. The condition of paper thin bone layer and fracture by metabolic bone disease in an orphan elephant. Proceedings of 41st Kasetsart University Annual Conference, 3-7 February, 2003, pp. 508-515. Kasetsart University; Bangkok; Thailand. 48. Sarma B. 2003. Foot care and common surgical disorders of elephants. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 141-144. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi. 49. 2002. Large Animal Internal Medicine. Mosby, St.Louis, pp.1-1735. 50. Kim C.S., Won C.K., Cho G.H. et al. 2002. A case of fused thoracic vertebrae, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and ilium of African elephant (Loxodonta africana).Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 42: 131-136. 51. Nayar K.N.M., Chandrasekharan K. and Radhakrishnan K. 2002. Management of surgical affections in captive elephants.Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 7: 55-59. 52. 2001. The Elephant's Foot: Prevention and Care of Foot Conditions in Captive Asian and African Elephants. Iowa State University Press, Ames,Iowa, USA, pp.1-163. 53. Boardman W.S.J., Jakob-Hoff R., Huntress S. et al. 2001. The medical and surgical management of foot abscesses in captive Asiatic elephants: case studies. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 121-126. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 54. Buckely C. 2001. Captive Elephant Foot Care: Natural Habitat Husbandry Techniques. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 53-55. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 55. Cooper R.M., Honeyman V.L. and French D.A. 2001. Surgical management of a chronic infection involving the phalange of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 133-134. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 56. Endo H., Hayashi Y., Komiya T., Narushima E. and Sasaki M. 2001. Muscle architecture of the elongated nose in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 63: 533-537. 57. Finnegan M. and Monti M. 2001. Surgical management of phalangeal osteomyelitis in a female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 135-137. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 58. Fowler M.E. 2001. An Overview of Foot Conditions in Asian and African Elephants. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 3-7. Iowa State University Press, Ames IA, USA. 59. Fowler M.E. 2001. Elephant foot care: concluding remarks. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 147-149. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 60. Gage L. 2001. Treatment of osteomyelitis in elephant feet. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 117-118. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 61. Gibson K. and Flanagan J.P. 2001. Ouch, do that again! Treatment of chronic nail infections in an Asian bull elephant using protected contact. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 87-88. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 62. Hinke A. and Wipplinger J. 2001. A Severe Case of Pox Disease in Two Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) of a Small Travelling Circus Overwintering Near Erfurt. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 53-56. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 63. Houser D., Simmons L.G. and Armstrong D.L. 2001. Treatment of an abscessed footpad of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) using a sandal and topically applied chitosan. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 107-113. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 64. Hughes J. and Southard M. 2001. Elephant Foot Care for an Asian Elephant at Mesker Park Zoo and Botanic Garden. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 73-77. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 65. Kalk P. and Wilgenkamp C. 2001. Elephant Foot Care Under the Voluntary-Contact System: Problems and Solutions . In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 63-64. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 66. Kam R. 2001. Preoperative conditioning and postoperative treatments of a protected-contact bull elephant. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 127-131. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 67. Lahiri-Choudhury D.K. 2001. Historical lessons for the treatment of foot diseases in captive Asian elephants. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 81-83. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 68. O'Sullivan T.J. and Junge E. 2001. The use of sonography in the follow-up care of a foot abscess in a female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 115-116. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 69. Ramsay E. and Henry R. 2001. Anatomy of the Elephant Foot. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 9-12. Iowa State University Press, Ames IA, USA. 70. Roocroft A. and Oosterhuis J. 2001. Foot Care for Captive Elephants. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 21-52. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 71. Rutkowski C., Hopper R. and Marion F. 2001. Record Keeping as an Aid to Foot Care in the Asian Elephant. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot p. 17. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 72. Rutkowski C., Marion F. and Hopper R. 2001. Split nails, abscesses, and cuticular fluid pockets. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 85-86. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 73. Saddler W. 2001. The Role of Nutrition and Its Possible Impact on Elephant Foot Care. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 13-15. Iowa State University Press, Ames IA, USA. 74. Sampson J. 2001. Foot Care at the Indianapolis Zoo: A Comprehensive Approach. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 57-62. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 75. Sanyathitiseree P., Thongthip N., Thayananuphat A. and Aumarm W. 2001. Fiberglass Casting in an Asian Elephant. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 136-139. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 76. Sarma K.K., Sarma M., Ramanathan A. and Kheria T. 2001. Peribursal haematoma in a working elephant of Kaziranga National Park.Intas Polivet 2: 206-207. 77. Schwammer H. 2001. Elephant Husbandry and Foot Care at the Schonbrunner Tiergarten, Vienna. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 69-71. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 78. Seidon A. 2001. Procedure for nail reconstruction and treatment for an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 89-91. Iowa State University Press, Iowa State University Press. 79. Sorensen D. 2001. A History of Elephant Foot Care at the Milwaukee County Zoo. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 65-68. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 80. Stahl S. and Doyle C. 2001. Siri's dilemma: management of a chronic foot problem. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 99-102. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 81. West G. 2001. Occurrence and treatment of nail/foot abscesses, nail cracks, and sole abscesses in captive elephants. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 93-97. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 82. Woodle K., Kepes T. and Doyle C. 2001. Making a protective boot for an Asian elephant. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 103-106. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 83. Fleming G.J. and Isaza R. 2000. Thermography evaluation of trunk paralysis in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) using digital thermography. Proc. AAZV and IAAAM Joint Conf., pp. 502-503. 84. Fowler M.E., Steffey E.P., Galuppo L. and Pascoe J.R. 2000. Facilitation of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) standing immobilization and anesthesia with a sling.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31: 118-123. 85. Gage L.J. and Blasko D. 2000. Husbandry and Medical Considerations for Geriatric Elephants. Elephants: Cultural, Behavioral, and Ecological Perspectives; Program and Abstracts of the Workshop, 2000, pp. 9-10. Davis, CA. 86. Hittmair K.M. and Vielgrader H.D. 2000. Radiographic diagnosis of lameness in African elephants (Loxodonta Africana).Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 41: 511-515. 87. Luikart K. 2000. Anatomy of the Elephant Forefoot. Elephants: Cultural, Behavioral, and Ecological Perspectives; Program and Abstracts of the Workshop, 2000, pp. 14-15. Davis, CA. 88. Pandey S.K. 2000. Management of sinus due to necrosis of right transverse process of second lumbar vertebra in an elephant.Zoos' Print Journal 15: 328. 89. Spelman L., Yates R., Anikis P. and Galuppo L. 2000. Regional Digital Intravenous Perfusion in an African Elephant (Loxodonta africana). 2000 Proceedings AAZV and IAAAM Joint Conference, 2000, pp. 388-389. 90. 1999. Equine Medicine and Surgery. Mosby, St. Louis MO USA, pp.1-2076. 91. Gage L.J. 1999. Radiographic techniques for the elephant foot and carpus. In: Fowler ME and Miller RE (eds), Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy 4 pp. 517-520. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia,PA,USA. 92. Godagama W.K., Wemmer C. and Rathnasooriya W.D. 1999. Prevalence and distribution of body injuries of domesticated Sri Lankan elephants (Elephas maximus maximus).Ceylon Journal of Science, Biological Sciences 27: 47-59. 93. Green E.M. 1999. Thermography. In: Colahan PT, Merritt AM, Moore JN and Mayhew IG (eds), Equine Medicine and Surgery pp. 1333-1340. Mosby, St. Louis MO USA. 94. Mikota S.K. 1999. Diseases of the Elephant: A Review.Verh.ber.Erkrg.Zootiere 39: 1-15. 95. Riddle H.S. 1999. Innovative treatment and study of a nail abscess on an Asian elephant. Fourth International Elephant Research Symposium, pp. 50-51. 96. Godagama W.K., Wemmer C. and Ratnasooriya W.D. 1998. Spinal conformation of domesticated Sri Lankan elephants (Elephas maximus maximus).Ceylon Journal of Science, Biological Sciences 26: 7-11. 97. Honeyman V.L., Cooper R.M. and Black S.R. 1998. A protected contact approach to anesthesia and medical management of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Proceedings AAZV and AAWV Joint Conference, pp. 338-341. 98. Patil V.A., Bhamburkar V.R., Dalvi R.S., Banubakode S.B. and Kale M.A. 1998. Morphometrical study of pelvis in some animals.Journal of Bombay Veterinary College 6: 45-46. 99. Gage L.J. 1997. Techniques for radiographing the elephant foot and carpus using a portable equine radiographic unit. Proc. Amer.Assoc. of Zoo Vet, p. 190. 100. Gage L.J., Fowler M.E., Pascoe J.R. and Blasko D. 1997. Surgical removal of infected phalanges from an Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 28: 208-211. 101. Keet D.F., Grobler D.G., Raath J.P. et al. 1997. Ulcerative pododermatitis in free-ranging African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in the Kruger National Park.Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 64: 25-32. 102. Mircean M., Giurgiu G., Oros A., Kadar L. and Ghergariu S. 1997. Complex osteodystrophy in an orphan Indian elephant.Revista Romana de Medicina Veterinara 7: 191-199. 103. Pribe C., Grossberg S. and Cohen M.A. 1997. Neural control of interlimb oscillations. II. Biped and quadruped gaits and bifurcations.Biol Cybern 77: 141-152. 104. Seidel B., Wunsch U., Knaus B.U., Valentin A. and Schroder H.D. 1997. Chemotherapy of chronic, suppurative pododermatitis using an antineoplastic agent in an Asian elephant - a case report. Erkrankungen der Zootiere: Verhandlungsbericht des 38. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zoo- und Wildtiere von 7 bis 11 Mai 1997, in Zurich, Schweiz, pp. 217-220. Berlin,Germany, Institut fuer Zoo und Wildtierforschung im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. 105. Bezuidenhout A.J. and Seegers C.D. 1996. The osteology of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana): vertebral column, ribs and sternum.Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 63: 131-147. 106. Foged N.T., Delaisse J.M., Hou P. et al. 1996. Quantification of the collagenolytic activity of isolated osteoclasts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.J Bone Miner Res 11: 226-237. 107. Kaufman M.H. 1996. Observations on Barclay's elephant.J R Coll Surg Edinb 41: 75-81. 108. Schmitt D.L., Bradford J.P. and Hardy D.A. 1996. Foot care in Asian elephants using rotating elephant restraint device. Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 52-53. 109. Zheng X. and Zheng X.C. 1996. Diagnosis and preventative-therapeutic study of periarthritis in the shoulder of an Asian elephant.Chinese Journal of Zoology 31: 45-49. 110. Bisig D.A., Di Iorio E.E. and Diederichs K. 1995. Crystal structure of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) cyanometmyoglobin at 178-A resolution. Phe29(B10) accounts for its unusual ligand binding properties.Journal of Biological Chemistry 270: 20752-20754. 111. Chandrasekharan K., Radhakrishnan K., Cheeran J.V., Nair K.N.M. and Prabhakaran T. 1995. Review of the Incidence, Etiology and Control of Common Diseases of Asian Elephants with Special Reference to Kerala. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 439-449. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India. 112. Endo H., Yamada T.K., Suzuki N. et al. 1995. Ultrastructure of cardiac myocyte in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 57: 1035-1039. 113. Gage L.J., Blasko D., Fowler M.E. and Pascoe J. 1995. Surgical removal of infected phalanges from an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Proc Joint Conference AAZV / WDZ / AAWV, p. English. 114. Prothero J. 1995. Bone and fat as a function of body weight in adult mammals.Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol 111: 633-639. 115. Van-der-Merwe N.J., Bezuidenhout A.J. and Seegers C.D. 1995. The skull and mandible of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana).Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 62: 245-260. 116. Zhao X., Vyas K., Nguyen B.D. et al. 1995. A double mutant of sperm whale myoglobin mimics the structure and function of elephant myoglobin.J Biol Chem 270: 20763-20764. 117. Ensley P.K., Osborn K., Bissonette S. and Deftos L.J. 1994. Osteodystrophy in an orphan Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 142-143. 118. Hagelberg E., Thomas M.G., Cook C.E.Jr. et al. 1994. DNA from ancient mammoth bones.Nature 370: 333-334. 119. Rothschild B.M., Xiao M.W., Shoshani J. and Xiaoming W. 1994. Spondyloarthropathy in proboscideans.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25: 360-366. 120. Smuts M.M.S. and Bezuidenhout A.J. 1994. Osteology of the pelvic limb of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana).Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 61: 51-66. 121. Bennet D. 1993. Immune-based erosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog: canine rheumatoid arthritis. 2. Pathological investigations.Journal of Small Animal Practice 28: 909-928. 122. Cupane A., Leone M., Vitrano E. et al. 1993. Structure-dynamics-function relationships in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)myoglobin. An optical spectroscopy and flash photolysis study on functionally important motions.Biophys J 65: 2461-2472. 123. Ermel R.W., Kenny T.P., Chen P.P. and Robbins D.L. 1993. Molecular analysis of rheumatoid factors derived from rheumatoid synovium suggests an antigen-driven response in inflamed joints.Arthritis and Rheumatism 36: 380-388. 124. Fowler M.E. 1993. Foot care in elephants. In: Fowler ME (ed), Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy 3 pp. 448-453. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 125. Fowler M.E. 1993. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy 3. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp.1-617. 126. Harth M. 1993. Gold in rheumatoid arthritis: standard, substitute or sham?Journal of Rheumatology 20: 771-773. 127. Houck R. 1993. Veterinary care of performing elephants. In: Fowler ME (ed), Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy 3 pp. 453-454. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 128. Rosin E., Schultz-Darken N., Perry B. and Teare J.A. 1993. Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin administered orally in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24: 515-518. 129. Rubin L.A. and Hawker G.A. 1993. Stress and the immune system: preliminary observations in rheumatoid arthritis using an in vivo marker of immune activity.Arthritis and Rheumatism 3: 204-207. 130. Smuts M.M.S. and Bezuidenhout A.J. 1993. Osteology of the thoracic limb of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana).Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 60: 1-14. 131. van Schaardenburg D., Hazes J.M.W., de Boar A. et al. 1993. Outcome of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to age and rheumatoid factor at diagnosis.Journal of Rheumatology 20: 45-52. 132. Vaughan J.H. 1993. Pathogenetic concepts and origins of rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis and Rheumatism 36: 1-6.
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K., Rajarathnam K., Yu L.P. et al. 1993. 1H NMR investigation of
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