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1. Stoeger-Horwath A.S., Stoeger S., Schwammer H.M. and Kratochvil H. 2007. Call repertoire of infant African elephants: first insights into the early vocal ontogeny.J Acoust Soc Am 121: 3922-3931.

2. Dreisewerd K., Kolbl S., Peter-Katalinic J., Berkenkamp S. and Pohlentz G. 2006. Analysis of native milk oligosaccharides directly from thin-layer chromatography plates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal-time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a glycerol matrix.J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 17: 139-150.

3. Graf P., Weissenboeck N. and Schwammer H.M. 2006. Hand-rearing of elephant calves: A comparison between common milk replacer regarding their physiological efficiency. Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, p. 252.

4. Reid C.E., Hildebrandt T.B., Marx N. et al. 2006. Endotheliotropic elephant herpes virus (EEHV) infection. The first PCR-confirmed fatal case in Asia.Vet Q 28: 61-64.

5. Uemura Y., Asakuma S., Yon L. et al. 2006. Structural determination of the oligosaccharides in the milk of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A- Molecular and Integrative Physiology 145: 468-478.

6. Andrews J., Mecklenborg A. and Bercovitch F.B. 2005. Milk intake and development in a newborn captive African elephant ( Loxodonta africana).Zoo Biology 24: 275-281.

7. Osthoff G., De Waal H.O., Hugo A., de Wit M. and Botes P. 2005. Milk composition of a free-ranging African elephant (Loxodonta africana) cow during early lactation.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A- Molecular and Integrative Physiology 141: 223-229.

8. 2003. Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi, pp.1-199.

9. Chakraborty A. 2003. Nenatal mortality in elephants. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 119-122. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi.

10. Kajaysri J., Huayjunteuk S., Reunpech S., Thammakarn C. and et al. 2003. The condition of paper thin bone layer and fracture by metabolic bone disease in an orphan elephant. Proceedings of 41st Kasetsart University Annual Conference, 3-7 February, 2003, pp. 508-515. Kasetsart University; Bangkok; Thailand.

11. Roychoudhury R. 2003. Feeding schedule for elephants of different age groups and jobs. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 83-93. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi.

12. Sarma N.K. 2003. Neonatal care, weaning and hand rearing of orphan elephant calves. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 67-69. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi.

13. Wilson J.D., Leihy M.W., Shaw G. and Renfree M.B. 2003. Androgen physiology: unsolved problems at the millennium.Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 198: 1-5.

14. Gage L.J. 2002. Hand-rearing wild and domestic mammals. Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, pp.1-279.

15. Johnson E.W. and Rasmussen L. 2002. Morphological characteristics of the vomeronasal organ of the newborn Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Anatomical Record 267: 252-259.

16. Sharma K.K., Choudhury B.D. and Sarma M. 2002. Lingual thrush in a hand reared elephant (E.maximus) calf.Wildlife Information Bulletin, vii: 53-54.

17. Horwath A., Kratochvil H. and Schwammer H. 2001. Sounds of a Newborn African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Captivity. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 265-267. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

18. Urashima T., Saito T., Nakamura T. and Messer M. 2001. Oligosaccharides of milk and colostrum in non-human mammals.Glycoconj J 18: 357-371.

19. Wisser J., Pilaski J., Strauss G. et al. 2001. Cowpox virus infection causing stillbirth in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Veterinary Record 149: 244-246.

20. Schmitt D.L. and Pace L.W. 2000. Multiple Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in a Newborn Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus). Proceedings of the Elephant Managers Association Conference, Oct 6-9,2000 Syracuse, NY, 2000, pp. 13-14.

21. Kunz C., Rudloff S., Schad W. and Braun D. 1999. Lactose-derived oligosaccharides in the milk of elephants: comparison with human milk.Br J Nutr 82: 391-399.

22. Sarwar G., Botting H.G., Davis T.A., Darling P. and Pencharz P.B. 1998. Free amino acids in milks of human subjects, other primates and non-primates.Br J Nutr 79: 129-131.

23. Taylor V.J. and Poole T.B. 1998. Captive breeding and infant mortality in Asian elephants: a comparison between twenty Western zoos and three Eastern elephant centers.Zoo Biology 17: 311-332.

24. Welsch U., Feuerhake F., van Aarde R., Buchheim W. and Patton S. 1998. Histo- and cytophysiology of the lactating mammary gland of the African elephant(Loxodonta africana).Cell Tissue Res 294: 485-501.

25. Mircean M., Giurgiu G., Oros A., Kadar L. and Ghergariu S. 1997. Complex osteodystrophy in an orphan Indian elephant.Revista Romana de Medicina Veterinara 7: 191-199.

26. Roy A. and Krift I.J.J. 1997. Milk replacer for Asian and African elephant calves. Proceedings of the 18th Annual EMA Workshop, Fort Worth Zoological Park, pp. 43-49. Fort Worth, TX.

27. Kurt F. and Mar D.K. 1996. Neonate mortality in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).International Journal of Mammalian Biology 61: 155-164.

28. Mosley J. 1996. Hand-Rearing a Captive-Born Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus): (I) A Study of Physical Development as a Response to the Rearing Regime, and (ii) Social Interactions. In: Spooner NG and Sharp K (eds), The Ninth UK Elephant Workshop, 1996, pp. 36-65. The North of England Zoological Society, England.

29. Murray S., Bush M. and Tell L.A. 1996. Medical management of postpartum problems in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) cow and calf.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27: 255-258.

30. Parrott J.J. 1996. Analysis of African elephant mature milk in early lactation and formulation of an elephant calf milk replacer. Proc Amer Assoc Zoo Vet, pp. 102-111.

31. Davis T.A., Davis T.A., Garcia-Bravo R. et al. 1994. Amino acid composition of human milk is not unique.J Nutr 124: 1126-1132.

32. Ensley P.K., Osborn K., Bissonette S. and Deftos L.J. 1994. Osteodystrophy in an orphan Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 142-143.

33. Mainka S.A., Cooper R.M., Black S.R. and Dierenfeld E.S. 1994. Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) milk composition during the first 280 days of lactation.Zoo Biology 13: 389-393.

34. Nath N.C., Hussain A. and Rahman F. 1993. Milk characteristics of a captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24: 528-533.

35. Rasmussen, L. E. L., Johnson, E. W., and Jafek, B. W. Preliminary observations on the morphology of the vomeronasal organ of a newborn Asian elephant. Chemical Senses 18, 618. 1993.
Ref Type: Abstract

36. Rietkerk F.E., Hiddingh H. and Van Dijk S. 1993. Hand-rearing an Asian elephant Elephas maximus at the Noorder Zoo, Emmen.Iowa State University Veterinarian 32: 244-252.

37. Tuchili L.M., Pandey G.S., Sinyangwe P.G. and Kaji T. 1993. Anthrax in cattle, wildlife and humans in Zambia.Veterinary Record 132: 487.

38. Krishnamurth V. 1992. Care and management of elephant calves in captivity. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 82-85. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

39. Santha B.K. 1990. Care and treatment of orphaned baby elephants.Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal 37: 33.

40. Sheldrick D. 1990. Raising baby orphaned elephants.Swara 13: 13-17.

41. Sheldrick D. 1990. Raising baby orphaned elephants: part II.Swara 13: 23-27.

42. Nair P.V. 1989. Development of nonsocial behaviour in the Asiatic elephant.Ethology 82: 46-60.

43. Schmidt M.J. 1989. The role of the veterinarian in a captive elephant breeding program. Proc.Am.Assoc.Zoo Vet., pp. 44-53.

44. Sreekumar K.P. and Nirmalan G. 1989. Mineral status in the blood of Indian elephants.Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 59: 1253-1258.

45. Heard D.J. 1988. Nutritional disorders of neonatal and juvenile elephants. Proc.Ann.Elephant Workshop 9, pp. 128-132.

46. 1987. Elephant history in the making.Swara 10: 25.

47. Berg J.K. 1987. Developmental behavior of three African elephant calves (Loxodonta africana) in captivity.Zoologische Garten 57: 171-196.

48. Berg J.K. 1986. Report on the behavioral development of three captive born African elephant calves.Elephant 2: 39-41.

49. Lee P.C. 1986. Early social development among African elephant calves.National Geographic Research 2: 388-401.

50. Niemuller C. 1986. Energy metabolism and nitrogen retention in captive infant Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants. Proc.Ann.Elephant Workshop, pp. 43-47.

51. Jones D.K. 1985. New life at the Ark.Swara 8: 29-31.

52. Jones D.K. 1985. Horizons: Kenya: Aberdares Salient.Swara 8: 20.

53. Ullrey D.E., Jacobson E.R., Kollias G.V., Ku P.K. and Whetter P.A. 1985. Kwashiorkor and marasmus in baby elephants.Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: 84-85.

54. 1984. Some recorded elephant births.Loris Dec.: 308-310.

55. Sharma R. and Krishnamurthy K.V. 1984. Behavior of a neonate elephant (Elephas maximus).Applied Animal Behaviour Science 13: 157-161.

56. Hromadka J. 1982. Birth and rearing of Elephas maximus.Animal Keepers' Forum 9: 294-299.

57. Styles T.E. 1982. Birth and early development of an African elephant Loxodonta africana at the Metro Toronto Zoo, Canada.International Zoo Yearbook 22: 215-217.

58. 1981. Annual Projects Report: Amboseli elephant research project.Wildlife News 16: 9.

59. Nambiar M.O.R. 1981. Leptaden (vet) as a galactagogue in an elephant with deficient lactation.Indian Veterinary Journal 58: 667-668.

60. Oftedal O.T. 1980. Milk composition and formula selection for hand-rearing young mammals.Proc.1st.Dr.Scholl Conf.Nutr.Captive Wild Animals: 67-83.

61. Strazielle L. 1980. Birth of an Asian elephant at the Paris Zoo.Mammalia 44: 592-594.

62. 1979. "Motty" -- Birth of an African/Asian elephant at Chester Zoo.Elephant 1: 36-40.

63. Nirmalan G. 1979. Physiological peculiarties of elephants. State Level Workshop on Elephants, pp. 21-24. College of Veterinary and Animal Sicences, Kerala Agricultural University, India.

64. Eriksen E. 1978. The birth of an Asiatic elephant Elephas maximus in the Copenhagen Zoo.Zoologische Garten 45: 421-432.

65. Douglas-Hamilton O. 1977. Twins are light relief for Manyara's elephant - perhaps!Africana 6: 10-11.

66. Bronzini E. 1975. On the teeth, temperature, and growth in Asiatic elephants Elephas maximus born in captivity.Zoologische Garten 45: 97-128.

67. Lockhart M. 1972. Birth of an elephant.Loris 12: 259-262.

68. Peters J.M., Maier R., Hawthorne B.E. and Storvik C.A. 1972. Composition and nutrient content of elephant (Elephas maximus) milk.Journal of Mammalogy 53: 717-724.

69. Davidar P. 1971. The Teppakadu twins.Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 68: 819-820.

70. Seetharam S.B. 1971. Umbilical hernia in an elephant calf.Ceylon Veterinary Journal 48: 533-536.

71. Singh B.S. 1971. Umbilical hernia in an elephant calf.Indian Veterinary Journal 48: 533-536.

72. McCullagh K.G. and Widdowson E.M. 1970. The milk of the African elephant.British Journal of Nutrition 24: 109-117.

73. Rao A.T. and Acharjya L.N. 1970. A case of fibrosarcoma in a baby elephant.Indian Veterinary Journal 47: 593.

74. Woodford M.H. 1970. Fostering a baby elephant.East African Wildlife Journal 8: 204-205.

75. McCullagh K.G., Lincoln H.G. and Southgate D.A.T. 1969. Fatty acid composition of milk fat of the African elephant.Nature 222: 493-494.

76. Dittrich L. 1967. Contribution about the propagation and raising of the Indian elephant Elephas maximus in captivity with a review of elephant births in European zoos and circuses.Zoologische Garten 34: 56-92.

77. Bolwig M., Hill D.H. and Philpott M. 1965. Hand-rearing of an African elephant, Loxodonta africana.International Zoo Yearbook 5: 152-154.

78. Bolwig N. 1965. Observations on the early behavior of a young African elephant, Loxodonta africana.International Zoo Yearbook 5: 149-152.

79. Werksman R. 1965. The birth of an elephant.African Wild Life 19: 335.

80. Bellinge W.H.S. 1964. Some notes on the rearing of young African elephants.East African Wildlife Journal 2: 71-74.

81. Perry J.S. 1964. The structure and development of the reproductive organs of the female African elephant.Philos.Trans.R.Soc.Lond.[Biol] 248: 35-52.

82. Ben Shaul D.M. 1962. The composition of milk of wild animals.International Zoo Yearbook 4: 333-342.

83. Anghi C.G. 1961. Quinba, the fifth elephant calf.International Zoo News 8: 78-79.

84. Simon K.J. 1959. Preliminary studies on composition of milk of Indian elephants.Indian Veterinary Journal 36: 500-503.

85. McGaughey C.A. 1958. Baby elephant rearing. A report on two orphan elephant calves.Ceylon Veterinary Journal 6: 29-32.

86. Poppleton F. 1957. An elephant birth.African Wild Life 11: 106-108.

87. Poppleton F. 1957. The birth of an elephant.Oryx 4: 180-181.

88. Taylor J.I. 1955. The rearing of an African elephant in captivity.Veterinary Record 67: 301-302.

89. McGaughey C.A., Schmid E.E., Velaudapillai T. and Weinman A.N. 1953. Salmonella typhimurium in young elephants and chimpanzees.Veterinary Record 65: 431-432.

90. Hindle E.M. 1950. Birth of an elephant in the Rome Zoo.Zoo Life 5: 7-9.

91. Markuze Z. 1939. Vitamins of elephant's milk.Biochemical Journal 33: 198-200.

92. Driak F. 1935. Studien der zahnanlagen an einem foetus von Elephas indicus.Morph.J. 75: 1-14.

93. Tutein-Nolthenius A.C. 1935. Birth of an elephant calf.Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 34: 183-184.

94. Friant M. 1933. La regression de la levre superieure au cours de l'otogenie individual chez l'elephant.C.R.Acad.Sci.Paris: 878-879.

95. Adloff P. 1919. Zur otogenie des elefantengebisses.Anatomischer Anzeiger 52: 534-540.

96. Bolk L. 1917. Anatomische bemerkungen ueber einen fetus von Elephas africanas.Verh.Koninkl.Akad.Wet.Amsterdam 19: 1-40.

97. Allan C.W. 1911. The birth of a wild elephant calf.Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 21: 239-240.

98. Beddard F.E. 1902. Birth of an elephant.Procedings of the Zoological Society of London 2: 320-322.

99. Doremus C.A. 1882. On the composition of elephant's milk.Journal of the American Chemistry Society 4: 157-159.

100. Doremus C.A. 1882. Analysis of elephant's milk.Medical News (Philadelphia) 40: 282.

101. Doremus C.A. 1881. On the composition of elephant's milk.Journal of the American Chemistry Society 3: 55-59.

102. Brown A.E. 1880. Mr. Sclater on the birth of an elephant.Procedings of the Zoological Society of London XV: 222-223.

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