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Parasitism

(The following keywords have been used to categorize
 articles within this section and may assist your search.)

Amblyomma, amphistoma, babesia, babesiosis, blood parasites, cestodes, cryptosporidium, lice, parasites, ticks, toxoplasmosis, trematodes, trypanosomiasis,

Elephant Bibliographic Database
www.elephantcare.org

References Updated October 2007

     1.    Matsumoto K., Parola P., Rolain J.M., Jeffery K. and Raoult D. 2007. Detection of "Rickettsia sp. strain Uilenbergi" and "Rickettsia sp. strain Davousti" in Amblyomma tholloni ticks from elephants in Africa.BMC Microbiol 7: 74 [Epub ahead of print].

     2.    Dangolla A., Ekanayake D.K., Rajapakse R.P., Dubey J.P. and Silva I.D. 2006. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in captive elephants (Elephas maximus maximus) in Sri Lanka.Vet Parasitol 137: 172-174.

     3.    Uni S., Bain O., Agatsuma T. et al. 2006. New filarial nematode from Japanese serows (Naemorhedus crispus: Bovidae) close to parasites from elephants.Parasite 13: 193-200.

     4.    Hove T. and Mukaratirwa S. 2005. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in farm-reared ostriches and wild game species from Zimbabwe.Acta Trop 94: 49-53.

     5.    Agatsuma T., Rajapakse R.P., Kuruwita V.Y., Iwagami M. and Rajapakse R.C. 2004. Molecular taxonomic position of the elephant schistosome, Bivitellobilharzia nairi, newly discovered in Sri Lanka.Parasitology International 53: 69-75.

     6.    Dangolla A., Ekanayake D.K., Rajapakse R., Dubey J.P. and Silva I.D. 2004. Presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in captive elephants (Elephaus maximus maximus)) in Sri Lanka.  Proceedings of the Peradeniya University Research  Sessions, Sri Lanka, Vol 9 November 10, 2004, pp. 209-214.

     7.    Kinsella J.M., Deem S.L., Blake S. and Freeman A. 2004. Endoparasites of African forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) from the Republic of Congo and Central African Republic.Comparative Parasitology 71: 104-110.

     8.    McAloon F.M. 2004. Oribatid mites as intermediate hosts of Anoplocephala manubriata, cestode of the Asian elephant in India.Experimental and Applied Acarology 32: 181-185.

     9.    McAloon F.M. 2004. Oribatid mites as intermediate hosts of Anoplocephala manubriata, cestode of the Asian elephant in India.Exp Appl Acarol 32: 181-185.

   10.    Saseendran P.C., Rajendran S., Subramanian H. et al. 2004. Incidence of helminthic infection among annually dewormed captive elephants.Zoos' Print Journal 19: 1422.

   11.     2003. Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi, pp.1-199.

   12.    Chakraborty A. 2003. Diseases of elephants (Elephas maximus) in India-A Review.Indian Wildlife Year Book 2: 74-82.

   13.    Chakraborty A. 2003. Helminth parasites of Indian elephan. In: Sood ML (ed), Helminthology in India pp. 263-284. International Bood Distributors, Dehra Dun, India.

   14.    Easwaran K.R., Ravindran R. and Pillai K.M. 2003. Parasitic infections of some wild animals at Thekkady in Kerala.Zoos' Print Journal 18: 1030.

   15.    Islam S. 2003. Parasitic disease of elephant. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 137-140. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi.

   16.    Kashid K.P., Shrikhande G.B. and Bhojne G.R. 2003. Incidence of gastro-intestinal helminths in captive wild animals at different locations.Zoos' Print Journal 18: 1053-1054.

   17.    Mahanta P.N. 2003. Health monitoring and common diseases in free ranging elephants. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 130-136. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi.

   18.    Mahato G. 2003. Signs of health and sicknes, preventive healthcare, deworming and quarantine of elephants. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 123-129. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi.

   19.     2002. Large Animal Internal Medicine. Mosby, St.Louis, pp.1-1735.

   20.    Chandrasekharan K. 2002. Specific diseases of Asian elephants.Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 7: 31-34.

   21.    Gracenea M., Gomez M.S., Torres J., Carne E. and Fernandez-Moran J. 2002. Transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium in primates and herbivores at the Barcelona zoo: a long-term study.Vet Parasitol 104: 19-26.

   22.    Lopes A., Rosa F. and Ferreira M.L. 2002. Contributions to the knowledge of parasites of wild animals from the Central Republic of Africa.Garcia de orta Srie de Zoologia 24: 75-79.

   23.    McCallum H. and Dobson A. 2002. Disease, habitat fragmentation and conservation.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B 269: 2041-2049.

   24.    Murata K. 2002. The louse, Haematomyzus elephantis Piaget, 1869, (Mallophaga: Haematomyzidae) infection of captive Asian elephants and its treatment.Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 7: 145-148.

   25.    Sarma B., Pathak S.C. and Deka D. 2002. Treatment of fly larvae infestation in elephants at Nameri, Assam.Zoos' Print Journal 17: 958.

   26.    Tresamol P.V. 2002. Elephant surra.Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 7: 60.

   27.    Vidya T.N. and Sukumar R. 2002. The effect of some ecological factors on the intestinal parasite loads of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in southern India.J Biosci 27: 521-528.

   28.    Carreno R.A., Neimanis A.S., Lindsjo J. et al. 2001. Parasites found in faeces of Indian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand following treatment with mebendazole, with observations on Pfenderius papillatus (Cobbold, 1882) Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 by scanning electron microscopy.Helminthologia 38: 75-79.

   29.    Fowler M.E. 2001. Hosts and helminth parasites: An evolutionary perspective. In: Chowdhury N and Aguirre AA (eds), Helminths of Wildlife pp. 7-21. Enfield, New Hampshire, USA.

   30.    Okello-Onen J., Hassan S.M., Essuman S., Kariuki D.P. and Mbogo S.K. 2001. Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) reported for the first time in Kenya.Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa 49: 146-149.

   31.    Peregrine A.S. 2001. Parasites found in the faeces of Indian elephants Elephas maximus in Thailand following treatment with mebendazole, with observations on Pfenderius papillatus by scanning electron microscope.Helminthologia 38: 75-79English.

   32.    Raman M., Jayathangaraj M.G. and Malik P.K. 2001. In vitro survivability of strongylid larvae of elephants.Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 71: 1043-1044.

   33.    Ratanakorn P. 2001. Elephant Health Problems and Management in Cambodia, Lao and Thailand.  A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 111-114. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

   34.    Rietschel W., Hildebrandt T., Goritz F., Rudolph M. and Ratanakorn P. 2001. Relevant Ectoparasites in Camp Elephants in Thailand.  A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 285. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

   35.    Samuel W.M., Pybus M.J. and Kocan A.A. 2001. Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals. Iowa State University PressEnglish, Ames, Iowa.

   36.    Suresh K., Choudhuri P.C., Kumari K.N., Hafeez M. and Hamza P.A. 2001. Epidemiological and clinico-therapeutic studies of strongylosis in elephants.Zoos' Print Journal 16: 539-540.

   37.    Tuntasuvan D., Mohkaew K. and Dubey J.P. 2001. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand.Journal of Parasitology 87: 229-230.

   38.    Gomez M.S., Torres J., Gracenea M., Fernandez-Moran J. and Gonzalez-Moreno O. 2000. Further reports on Cryptosporidium in Barcelona zoo mammals.Parasitology Research 86: 318-323.

   39.    Mooring M.S., Benjamin J.E., Harte C.R. and Herzog N.B. 2000. Testing the interspecific body size principle in ungulates: the smaller they come, the harder they groom.Animal Behaviour 60: 35-45.

   40.    Raman M., Jayathagaraj M.G., Rajavelu G. and John M.C. 2000. Strongylosis in captive elephants -- a report.Indian Journal of Animal Health 39: 85-86.

   41.    Bowman D.D. 1999. Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians. Elsevier Science, St. Louis MO.

   42.    Hove T. and Dubey J.P. 1999. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera of domestic pigs and some wild game species from Zimbabwe.Journal of Parasitology 85: 372-373.

   43.    Jeffery J., Vellayan S., Sulaiman S. et al. 1999. On the occurrence of Haematomyzus elephantis Piaget (Mallophaga: Haematomyzidae) on the elephant, Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier -- a new record for peninsular Malaysia.Tropical Biomedicine 16: 51-52.

   44.    Saidul I., Abdul M., Manoranjan D. et al. 1999. Pathology of concurrent Gastrodiscus secundus and Pseudodiscus collinsi infection in two captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 13: 151-152.

   45.    Bhat M.N. and Manickam R. 1998. Coproculture and demonstration of third stage larvae of Murshidia sp. in elephants (Elephas maximus).Indian Veterinary Journal 75: 1140-1142.

   46.    Matsuo K., Hayashi S. and Kamiya M. 1998. Parasitic infections of Sumatran elephant in the Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia.Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 3: 95-100.

   47.     1997. Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians. Mosby, St. Louis MO, pp.1-660.

   48.    Islam S. 1997. Studies on some aspects of fascioliasis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 11: 109.

   49.    Majewska A.C., Kasprzak W. and Werner A. 1997. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in mammals housed in Poznan Zoological Garden, Poland.Acta Parasitologica 42: 195-198.

   50.    Matsuo K. and Suprahman H. 1997. Some parasites from Sumatran elephants in Indonesia.Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 64: 298-299.

   51.    Saidul I. 1997. Studies on some aspects of fascioliasis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 11: 109.

   52.    Timoshenko O. and Imai S. 1997. Three new intestinal protozoan species of the genus Latteuria n.g. (Ciliophora: Trichostomatia) from Asian and African elephants.Parasitology International 46: 297-303.

   53.    Watve M.G. and Sukumar R. 1997. Asian elephants with longer tusks have lower parasite loads.Current Science 72: 885-889.

   54.    Dasgupta B. 1996. The "rogue" elephants and their problem of dental myiasis.Journal of Bengal Natural History Society 15: 1-3.

   55.    Warren K., Bolton J., Swan R., Gaynor W. and Pond L. 1996. Treatment of gastrointestinal tract impaction of a 2-year-old Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Australian Veterinary Journal 73: 37-38.

   56.     1995. A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India, pp.1-535.

   57.    Boomker J., Bain O., Chabaud A. and Kriek N.P.J. 1995. Stephanofilaria thelazioides n. sp. (Nematoda: Filariidae) from a hippopotamus and its affinities with the species parasitic in the African black rhinoceros.Systematic Parasitology 32: 205-210.

   58.    Chandrasekharan K., Radhakrishnan K., Cheeran J.V., Nair K.N.M. and Prabhakaran T. 1995. Review of the Incidence, Etiology and Control of Common Diseases of Asian Elephants with Special Reference to Kerala. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 439-449. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India.

   59.    Modi G.S., Prasad B.N., Sinha A.K. and Sinha B.K. 1995. Parasitic infections in herbivorous zoo animals.Indian Journal of Veterinary Research 4: 45-50.

   60.    Sasaki H., Kang'-ethe E.K. and Kaburia H.F.A. 1995. Blood meal sources of Glossina pallidipes and G. longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Nguruman, southwest Kenya.Journal of Medical Entomology 32: 390-393.

   61.    Timoshenko O. and Imai S. 1995. Eleven new ciliate species of the genus Triplumaria (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida) from Asian elephant, Elephas maximus and African elephant, Loxodonta africana.Journal of Protozoology Research 5: 157-175.

   62.    Watve M.G. and Sukumar R. 1995. Parasite  abundance  and diversity in mammals: correlates with host ecology.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), pp. 8945-8949.

   63.    Watve M.G. 1995. Helminth Parasites of Elephants: Ecological Aspects. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 289-295. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India.

   64.    Durden L.A. and Musser G.G. 1994. The mammalian host of sucking lice (Anoplura) of the world: A host-parasite list.Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology 19: 130-168.

   65.    Komoin-Oka C., Truc P., Bengaly Z. et al. 1994. A study of the prevalence of trypanosome infections in different species of wild animals in Comoe National Park Cote d'Ivoire: preliminary results of a comparison of three diagnostic methods.Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux 47: 189-194.

   66.    Meiswinkel R. and Braack L.E.O. 1994. African horsesickness epidemiology:  five species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected live behind the ears and at the dung of the African elephant in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.Oderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 61: 155-170.

   67.    Singh K.P., Srivastava V.K., Prasad A. and Pandey A.P. 1994. Pathology due to Fasciola jacksoni in Indian elephants (Elephas indicus).Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 64: 802-804.

   68.    Bengis R. 1993. Care of the African elephant Loxodonta africana in captivity.  The capture and care manual : capture, care, accommodation and transportation of wild African animals pp. 506-511. Pretoria : Wildlife Decision Support Services : South African Veterinary  Foundation, Pretoria.

   69.    Cheah T.S., Rajamanickam C., Ong B.L. and Lazarus K. 1993. A first record in Malaysia of Quilonia travancra (Lane, 1914) and Bathmostomum sangeri (Cobbold, 1879) in Malaysian elephants (Elephas maximus hirsutus).Tropical Biomedicine 10: 41-43.

   70.    Ebedes H. 1993. The use of long-acting tranquilizers in captive wild animals.  The capture and care manual : capture, care, accommodation and transportation of wild African animals Pretoria : Wildlife Decision Support Services : South African Veterinary  Foundation, Pretoria.

   71.    Li C.X., Rong Y.M. and Xie Q.P. 1993. A study of helminth parasites of elephants (Elephas maximus).Chinese Journal of Zoology 28: 43-44.

   72.    Zahedi M., Vellayan S., Krishnasamy M. and Jeffery J. 1993. Pfenderius papillatus in a Sumatran rhino.Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia 5: 49-50.

   73.    Arora B.M. 1992. An overview of infectious diseases and neoplasms of the elephants (Elephas maximus) in India. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 159-161. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

   74.    Baker G.T. and Chandrapatya A. 1992. Sensilla on the mouthparts and antennae of the elephant louse, Haematomyzus elephantis Piaget (Phthiraptera: Haematomyzidae).Journal of Morphology 214: 333-340.

   75.    Chakraborty A., Chaudhury B., Rahman H., Hussain A. and Baruah M.C. 1992. Intussusception and gangrene in elephants. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 164-165. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

   76.    Chakraborty A. and Chaudhury B. 1992. Pathology of Fasciola jacksoni infestation in elephants.Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 16: 98-101.

   77.    Chandrasekharan K. 1992. Prevalence of infectious diseases in elephants in Kerala and their treatment. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 148-155. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

   78.    Gnanaprakasam V. and Mahalingam P. 1992. Tetramisole toxicity in a baby elephant. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 166-167. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

   79.    Kharchenko V.A. and Marunchin A.A. 1992. Helminths of mammals in the Kiev zoological park.Vestnik Zoologii 3: 61-63.

   80.    Meiswinkel R. 1992. Afrotropical Culicoides: C. (Avaritia) loxodontis sp. nov., a new member of the Imicola group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) associated with the African elephant in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 59: 145-159.

   81.    Mihok S., Munyoki E., Brett R.A. et al. 1992. Trypanosomiasis and the conservation of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) at the Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary, Tsavo West National Park, Kenya.African Journal of Ecology 30: 103-115.

   82.    Rao D.S.T., Yathiraj S., Choudhuri P.C. and Reddy P.K. 1992. Treatment of helminthiosis in elephants.Indian Journal of Animal Science 62: 1155-1156.

   83.    Sreekumaran T., Jayaprakasan V., Manomohanan C.B. and Chandrasekharan K. 1992. Scanning electronmicroscopic observations on Pseudodiscus collinsi (Cobbald, 1875) a trematode parasite of the Indian elephant. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 171-172. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

   84.    Tripathy S.B. and Das P.K. 1992. Treatment of Stephanofilarial dermatitis in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus): a case report. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 162-163. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

   85.    Chakraborty A., Islam S., Gogoi A.R. and Chaudhury B. 1991. A note on clinical examination of elephants in Manas Tiger Project and Kaziranga National Park in Assam.Zoos' Print Journal November.

   86.    Chakraborty A. and Chaudhury B. 1991. Fasciola jacksoni infection in elephants.  International Seminar on Veterinary Medicine in Wild & Captive Animals, Bangalore, India, November 8 to 10, 1991, p. 28.

   87.    Cheah T.S. and Rajamanickam C. 1991. Scanning electron microscope study of the cephalic and tail region of Quilonia renniei Railliet, Henry and Joyeux, 1913 (Nematoda, Strongyloidea).Tropical Biomedicine 8: 187-189.

   88.    Krivolutskii D.A., Nguyen T.K. and Fan T.V. 1991. The fauna of anoplocephalid tapeworms in domestic and wild animals of Vietnam.Parazitologiia 25: 468-469.

   89.    Mandlekar B.D., Soni J.L. and Nema S.K. 1991. Disintegrating trypanosomes in elephant; diagnosis and chemotherapy.  International Seminar on Veterinary Medicine in Wild and Captive Animals, Nov. 8-10, Bangalore, India, p. 30.

   90.    Pavlovic I., Nesic D., Savin Z., Valter D. and Hudina V. 1991. Endoparasites of elephant and giraffe in the Belgrade Zoological Garden.Veterinarski Glasnik 45: 749-751.

   91.    Jeu M.H., Fan P.F. and Jiang F.M. 1990. Morphological study of the adult stage of the elephant louse Haematomyzus elephantis with light and scanning electron microscopy (Insecta: Rhynchophthiraptera).Journal of Shanghai Agricultural College 8: 9-19.

   92.    Maske D.K., Sardey M.R. and Bhilegaonkar N.G. 1990. Helminth parasites in zoo animals of Maharaj Bag, Nagpur, Maharashtra State.Indian Journal of Animal Science 60: 952.

   93.    Chabaud A.G., Cuisance D. and Colas F. 1989. Leiperenia moreli n. sp. (Nematoda: Atractidae), a parasite of the African elephant.Systematic Parasitology 14: 135-140.

   94.    Kuntze A. 1989. Dermatopathies in elephants and their treatment.Kleintierpraxis 34: 405-415.

   95.    Muller M. and Rytz U. 1989. Dermatomycosis in two African elephants.  Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verhandlungsbericht des 31. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zoo- und Wildtiere, Dortmund 1989, pp. 207-209. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, German Democratic Republic.

   96.    Tripathy S.B., Das P.K. and Acharjya L.N. 1989. Treatment of microfilarial dermatitis in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus): a case report.Indian Journal of Indigenous Medicines: 31-33.

   97.    Lahkar B.C. and Das M.R. 1988. A note on the successful treatment of trichostrongyle infection of elephants (Elephas maximus) with Panacur (fenbendazole).Indian Veterinary Journal 65: 538.

   98.    Li C.X., Rong Y.M. and Lan J.G. 1988. Anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole against parasites in Indian elephants.Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology 9: 42-43.

   99.    Matevski S., Ippen R.ed. and Schroder H.D. 1988. Helminths and helminthiasis of animals in the Sofia Zoological Gardens.  Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verhandlungsbericht des 30. internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zoo- und Wildtiere vom 11. Mai bis 15. Mai 1988 in Sofia, pp. 173-175. Akademie Verlag, Berlin; German Democratic Republic.

100.    Roy S. and Mazumdar B.K. 1988. Anthelmintic activity of fenbendazole (Panacur) against Murshidia murshida in zoo elephants.Indian Veterinary Journal 65: 531-532.

101.    Snow W.F., Tarimo S.A., Staak C. and Butler L. 1988. The feeding habits of the tsetse, Glossina pallidipes Austen on the south Kenya coast, in the context of its host range and trypanosome infection rates in other parts of East Africa.Acta Tropica 45: 339-349.

102.    Pond J. 1986. Artifacts, pseudoparasites, spurious organisms, and unusual objects found during parasitological examination of exotic animal feces.  American Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians 6th Annual Proceedings, pp. 67-79.

103.    Karesh W.B. and Robinson P.T. 1985. Ivermectin treatment of lice infestations in two elephant species.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 187: 1235-1236.

104.    Levine N.D. 1985. Veterinary Protozoology. Iowa State University Press.

105.    Agrawal M.C. and Shah H.L. 1984. Stephanofilarial dermatitis in India.Vet.Res.Commun. 8: 93-102.

106.    Braack L.E.O. 1984. A note on the presence of the louse Haematomyzus elephantis Piaget (Mallophaga:Rhychophthirina) in the Kruger National Park.Koedoe 27: 139-140.

107.    Chatterjee A. 1984. Association of a Stephanofilaria indistinguishable form S. assamensis with lesions on the feet of Indian elephant (Elephas maximus).Indian Journal of Animal Health 23: 29-35.

108.    Crockett E.C. and Dipeolu O.O. 1984. A survey of helminth parasites of game animals in Kainji Lake National Park of Nigeria.Int.J.Zoonoses 11: 204-215.

109.    Domrow R. and Ladds P.W. 1984. A new ear mite from the Indian elephant (Acari:Anoetidae) [Loxanoetus lenae].J.Nat.Hist 18: 759-764.

110.    Prokopic J., Hulinska D. and Zahor Z. 1984. A nematode found in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) from zoological garden of Algiers.  pp. 423-424.

111.    Vitovec J., Kotrla B., Haji H. and Hayles L.B. 1984. Fatal infection of an elephant calf caused by the trematode Protofasciola robusta (Lorenz, 1881) in Somaliland.Zentralbl.Veterinarmed.[B]. 31: 597-602.

112.    Prokopic J., Hulinska D. and Zahor Z. 1983. Choniagnium algericum sp. n. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from the intestine of African elephant, Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1779).Folia Parasitologica 30: 309-311.

113.    Wallach J.D. and Boever W.J. 1983. Perissodactyla (equids, tapirs, rhinos), Proboscidae (elephants), and Hippopotamidae (hippopotamus). In: Wallach JD and Boever WJ (eds), Diseases of exotic animals pp. 761-829. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.

114.    Bain O., Baker M. and Chabaud A.G. 1982. New data on the Dipetalonema lineage (Filarioidea, Nematoda).Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 57: 593-620.

115.    Chandrasekharan K., Radhakrishnan K. and Cheeran J.V. 1982. Efficacy of Distodin in the treatment of amphistomiasis in Indian elephants.Kerala Journal of Veterinary Science 13: 55-58.

116.    Chandrasekharan K., Cheeran J.V., Nair K.N.M., Ramanujam K.N. and Radhakrishnan K. 1982. Comparative efficacy of 6 anti-helminthics against strongylosis in elephants.Kerala Journal of Veterinary Science 13: 15-20.

117.    Mohr, J. L., Jollie, K. G., and Smith, T. P. Ciliates of elephant caecums. Journal of Protozoology 29, 482. 1982.
Ref Type: Abstract

118.    Moucha P. 1982. A contribution to the treatment and diagnosis of parasitic diseases in elephants.Gaxella 3: 129-130.

119.    Patton S. and McCracken M.D. 1981. Hookworms from the liver of "Ole Diamond" (Loxodonta africana).Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 56: 54.

120.    Eloff A.K. and Van Hoven W. 1980. Intestinal protozoa of the African elephant Loxodonta Africana.South African Journal of Zoology 15: 83-90.

121.    Norval R.A.I., Colborne J., Tannock J. and MacKenzie P.K.I. 1980. The life cycle of Amblyoma tholloni Acarina Ixodidae under laboratory conditions.Veterinary Parasitology 7: 255-264.

122.    Stehlik M. 1980. Skin myiasis due to Ruttenia loxodontis Rodhain in an African elephant.Vet Rec 107: 227.

123.    White P.T. 1980. Blood parasites in free-living African elephants.Zoologische Garten 50: 45-48.

124.    Chandrasekharan K., Rajamorhanan K. and Sundaram R.K. 1979. A case of cestode infection in an Indian elephant.Kerala Journal of Veterinary Science 10: 157-158.

125.    Chandrasekharan K., Sathianesan V., Pythal C. and Sundaram R.K. 1979. Anthelmintic activity of thiophanate (Nemafax) in elephants and zoo animals.Kerala Journal of Veterinary Science 1979: 167-170.

126.    Chandrasekharan K. 1979. Common diseases of elephants.  State Level Workshop on Elephants, pp. 51-61. College of Veterinary and Animal Sicences, Kerala Agricultural University, India.

127.    Chandrasekharan K., Pythal C., Radhakrishnan K. and Sundaram R.K. 1979. Methyridine as an effective anthelmintic against strongylosis in elephants.Kerala Journal of Veterinary Science 10: 163-166.

128.    Graber M. and Thal J. 1979. Myiasis of wild Artiodactyla and Proboscidea in Central Africa.Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 32: 257-262.

129.    Sathianesan V., Chandrasekharan K., Sundaram R.K. and Pythal C. 1979. Anthelmintic efficacy of oxibendazole against the common strongylids in elephants.Kerala Journal of Veterinary Science 10: 153-156.

130.    Caple I.W., Jainudeen M.R., Buick T.D. and Song C.Y. 1978. Some clinicopathologic findings in elephants (Elephas maximus) infected with Fasciola jacksoni.Journal of Wildlife Diseases 14: 110-115.

131.    Crusz H. and Nugaliyadde L. 1978. Parasites of the relict fauna of Ceylon. VII.  General considerations and the first host-parasite checklist.Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales et Associees (Paris) 54: 85-105.

132.    Dipeolu O.O. 1976. The occurrence of ticks on a baby African elephant in Nigeria.East African Wildlife Journal 14: 227.

133.    Kane K.K., Corwin R.M. and Boever W.J. 1976. Louse infestation of Asian elephants.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 169: 906-908.

134.    Setasuban P. 1976. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of Bathmostomum sangeri Cobbold, 1879, of elephants.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 7: 390-394.

135.    Windsor R.S. and Scott W.A. 1976. Fascioliasis and salmonellosis in African elephants in captivity.British Veterinary Journal 132: 313-317.

136.    Graber M. 1975. Parabronema longispiculatum n. sp., A stomach parasite of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach, 1797).Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux 28: 473-479.

137.    Riemann G.P., Burridge M.J., Behymer D.E. and Franti C.E. 1975. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-living African mammals.J Wildl Dis 11: 529-533.

138.    Young E. and Whyte I.J. 1975. Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis infestations) in wild animals of the Kruger National Park, South Africa.Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association 46: 233-234.

139.    Young E. 1975. Echinococcosis (hydatidosis) in wild animals of the Kruger National Park.Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association 46: 285-286.

140.    Allen K.B., Follis T.N. and Kistner T.P. 1974. Occurrence of Grammocephalus clathratus (Baird, 1868) Pailliet and Henry, 1910 (Nematoda: Ancyclostomatidae), in an African elephant imported into the United States.Journal of Parasitology 60: 952.

141.    Condy J.B. 1973. Observations on internal parasites in Rhodesian elephant, Loxodonta africana.Procedings and Transactions of the Rhodesian Science Association 55: 67-99.

142.    Chandrasekharan K., Sundaram R.K. and Peter C.T. 1972. On Indofilaria elephantis from Indian elephants Elephas maximus.Indian Veterinary Journal 49: 857-862.

143.    Chandrasekharan K., Pythal C. and Sundaram R.K. 1972. A clinical note on the use of thiabendazole (thibendole) against murshidiasis in Indian elephants Elephas maximus.Kerala Journal of Veterinary Science 3: 56.

144.    Hoare C.A. 1972. The Trypanosomes of Mammals. Oxford Press; Blackwell Scientific Publications, U.K..

145.    Mwambu P.M. and Woodford M.H. 1972. Trypanosomes from game animals of the Queen Elizabeth National Park, Western Uganda.Trop.Anim.Hlth.Prod. 4: 152-155.

146.    Basson P.A., McCully R.M., de Vos V., Young E. and Kruger S.P. 1971. Some parasitic and other natural diseases of the African elephant in the Kruger National Park.Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 38: 239-254.

147.    Bhattacharjee M.L. 1970. A note on stephanofilarial dermatitis among elephants in Assam.Science and Culture 36: 600-601.

148.    Bwangamoi O. 1970. A check-list of helminth parasites of animals in Tanzania.Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa 18: 229-242.

149.    Fain A. 1970. A new anoetid living in the ear wax of an elephant (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes).Acta Zool Pathol Antverp 50: 173-177.

150.    Zumpt F. and Wetzel H. 1970. Fly parasites (Diptera:Oestridae and Gasterophilidae) of the African elephant Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach) and their problems.Koedoe 13: 109-121.

151.    Zumpt F. 1970. Arthropod parasites of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Indian elephant (Elephas maximus,Linnaeus).  Taxonomic and biological aspects.  Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Parasitology, 6-12 September, 1970, Washington, D.C., pp. sect II, part I.

152.    Greve J.H. 1969. Strongyloides elephantis sp.from an Indian elephant, Elephas indicus.Journal of Parasitology 55: 498-499.

153.    Raghavan R.S., Reddy K.R. and Khan G.A. 1968. Dermatitis in elephants caused by the louse Haematomycus elephantis (Piagot 1869).Indian Veterinary Journal 45: 700-701.

154.    Seneviratna P., Hayasinghe J.B. and Jainudeen M.R. 1967. Filariasis of elephants in Ceylon.Veterinary Record 81: 716-717.

155.    Brocklesby D.W. and Campbell H. 1963. A babesia in the African elephant.East African Wildlife Journal 1: 119.

156.    LaPage G. 1962. Mönnig's Veterinary Helminthology and Entomology. Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London.

157.    McGaughey C.A. 1962. Diseases of elephants.  Part 5. Internal parasites.Ceylon Veterinary Journal 10: 61-64.

158.    Evans G.H. 1961. Elephants and Their Diseases: A Treatise on Elephants. Government Printing, Rangoon, Burma, pp.1-323.

159.    McGaughey C.A. 1961. Diseases of elephants. Part 2.Ceylon Veterinary Journal 9: 41-48.

160.    Alwar V.S., Seneviratna P. and Gopal S. 1959. Indofilaria pattabiramani n.g.n. sp., a filaria from the Indian elephant (Elephas maximus) causing haemorrhagic dermatitis.Indian Veterinary Journal 36: 408-414.

161.    Rao S.R. and Hiregaudar L.S. 1954. Schistosomiasis in elephants in Bombay state.Indian Veterinary Journal 30: 241-242.

162.    Sutherland A.K., O'Sullivan P.J. and Ohman A.F.S. 1950. Helminthiasis in an elephant.Australian Veterinary Journal 26: 88-90.

163.    Ferrier A.J. 1947. The care and management of elephants in Burma. Steel Brothers, London, pp.1-188.

164.    Brito-Babapulle S.A.P. 1946. Phenothiazine and the elephant cecal worm.Vet.J. 102: 11.

165.    Goss L.J. 1946. Hospital and laboratory.51st Annual Report,New York Zoological Society: 22-25.

166.    Pfaff G. 1940. Diseases of Elephants. Superintendent, Govt. Printing and Stationary, Burma, Rangoon, pp.1-9.

167.    Berghe V.D.L. and Gillain G. 1939. Sur un genre nouveau de filaroidae chez l'elephant au Congo Belge.Rev.Zool.Bot.Afr. 32: 388-393.

168.    Van de Westhuysen O.P. 1938. A monograph of the helminth parasites of the elephant.Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry 10: 49-190.

169.    Berghe V.D.L. 1937. Une microfilaire de l'elephant au Congo Belge.Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee 15: 225-226.

170.    Austen E.E. 1936. Exhibition of the ears of African elephants showing evidence of attack by larvae of a warble-fly.Procedings of the Zoological Society of London 1936: 1189.

171.    Dobberstein J. 1936. Ueber die haufigsten Todesurachen der in zoologischen Garten gehaltenen Tiere.Med.Klinik. 32: 311-315.

172.    Dobberstein J. 1936. Ueber Sektionsbfunde bei den in zoologischen Garten gehaltenen Tieren.Berl.Munch.Tierarztl.Wochenschr. 52: 389-392.

173.    Bhalerao G. 1935. Helminth parasites of the Indian elephant from the Andamans and Burma.Indian Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry 5: 35-48.

174.    Bhalerao G. 1933. The trematode parasites of the Indian elephant, Elephas indicus.Indian Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry 3: 103-115.

175.    Bhalerao G. 1931. A note on the occurrence of Pseudodiscus collinsii in Indian elephant.Proc.18th Indian Sci.Congr.: 359-360.

176.    Ferris G.F. 1931. The louse of elephants. Haematomyzus elephantis Piaget (Mallophaga: Haematomyzidae).Parasitology 23: 112-127.

177.    Austen E.E. 1930. On a new dipterous parasite (family Calliphoridae, subfamily Calliphorinae) of the Indian elephant with notes on other dipterous parasites of elephants.Procedings of the Zoological Society of London 1930: 677.

178.    Singh V.P. 1924. Dropsy in elephants.Indian Veterinary Journal 1: 35-59.

179.    Baylis H.A. 1923. A filariid from the African elephant.Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11: 208-211.

180.    Alessandri G. 1922. Complete bibliography of parasites of elephants.Procedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922: 227.

181.    Gedoelst L. 1922. Quelques nematodes parasites de l'elephant africain.Bull.Soc.Pat.Exot. 15: 122.

182.    Khalil M. 1922. A revision of the nematode parasites of elephants, with a description of four new species.Procedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922: 205-279.

183.    Baylis H.A. 1921. A new genus of nematodes parasitic in elephants.Parasitology 13: 57-66.

184.    Gupta M.C. 1921. Internal parasites in elephants.Vet.J. 77: 25-28.

185.    Bequaert J.C. 1916. Parasitic muscid larvae collected from the African elephant and the white rhinocerous by the Congo expedition.Bull.Amer.Mus.Nat.Hist. 35: 377-387.

186.    Evans G.H. 1910. Elephants and Their Diseases: A Treatise on Elephants. Government Printing, Rangoon, Burma.

187.    Evans G.H. 1910. Notes on some parasites in Burma.III. A few common parasites of elephants.J.Trop.Vet.Sci. 5: 240-250.

188.    Bruce D. and Hamerton A.E. 1909. A note on the occurrence of a trypanosome in the African elephant.Proc.Roy.Soc.Lond.[B] Biol.Sci. 81: 414-416.

189.    Evans G.H. and Rennie T. 1909. Notes on some parasites in Burma.II.J.Trop.Vet.Sci. 4: 134-143.

190.    Bonvicini A. 1897. Necropscopia di una elefantessa Cisti d'echinococco nel fegato e nei polmoni.Bologna.

191.    Freeman H.E. 1886. Parasites of elephant.J.Micr.and Nat.Sci. 5: 187.

192.    Cobbold T.S. 1882. The parasites of the elephants.Trans.Linn.Soc.Lond.(Zool.) 2: 223-258.

193.    Cobbold T.S. 1876. Entozoa of the elephant.The Lancet 2: 415.

194.    Fritz R.H. 1876. The elephant's fluke,  Fasciola jacksoni Cobbold.Veterinarian (Lond) 22: 854.

195.    Cobbold T.S. 1875. On the destruction of elephants by parasites; with two new species of entozoa and on the so-called earth-eating habits of elephants and horses in India.Veterinarian (Lond) 21: 756-757.

196.    Cobbold T.S. 1875. Further remarks on parasites from the horse and the elephant, with a notice of new amphistomes from the ox.Veterinarian (Lond) 21: 817-821.

197.    Cobbold T.S. 1869. Description of a species of trematode from the Indian elephant, with remarks on its affinities.Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 9: 48-49.

198.    Baird W. 1868. Description of a new species of sclerostoma from the stomach of the African elephant (Loxodonta africanaa).Procedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868: 262.

199.    Baird W. 1859. Description of a new species of entozoan (Sclerostoma sipunculiforme) from the intestine of the elephant.Procedings of the Zoological Society of London 1859: 425-427.

 

 

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