respirat

Elephant
Bibliographic
Database

HOME

Who We Are

What We Do

What You Can Do!
Professional Info
Bulletin Board

    Elephant
    Bibliographic
         Database

Ele. Formulary

    Protocols,
       Manuals,
       Standards General Info

Conservation &
Conflict

Image Gallery

Links

...

Return to Database Index
Click here if you need help searching

Respiratory

Elephant Bibliographic Database
www.elephantcare,org

References Updated October 2007

1. Lacasse C., Gamble K.C., Terio K. et al. 2005. Mycobacterium szulgai osteoarthritis and pneumonia in an African elephant (Loxodonta Africana). 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 170-172.

2. Suedmeyer W.K., Oosterhuis J., Kollias G. et al. 2005. Elephant restraint device assisted anesthesia in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana). 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 189-191.

3. Vinogradov I.V., Kochneva G.V., Malkova E.M., Shchelkunov S.N. and Riabchikova E.I. 2005. Intranasal infection in mice inoculated with cowpox virus strain EP-2 isolated from the elephant.Vopr Virusol 50: 37-42.

4. Dangolia A., Silva I. and Kuruwita V.Y. 2004. Neuroleptanalgesia in wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus maximus).Vet Anaesth Analg. 31: 276-279.

5. Dangolla A., Silva I. and Kuruwita V.Y. 2004. Neuroleptanalgesia in wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus maximus).Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 31: 276-279.

6. Smith, T. Zoo research guidelines: Monitoring stress in zoo animals. 2004. London, Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland.
Ref Type: Report

7. Stringfield C.E., Oh P., Granich R. et al. 2004. Epidemiologic investigation of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a metropolitan zoo. 2004 PROCEEDINGS AAZV, AAWV, WDA JOINT CONFERENCE, pp. 46-48.

8. Isaza R., Behnke B.J., Bailey J.K. et al. 2003. Arterial blood gas control in the upright versus recumbent Asian elephant.Respir Physiolo Neurobiol 134: 169-176.

9. Potters D., Seghers M., Muyldermans G. et al. 2003. Recovery of Mycobacterium elephantis from sputum of a patient in belgium.Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41: 1344.

10. West J.B., Fu Z., Gaeth A.P. and Short R.V. 2003. Fetal lung development in the elephant reflects the adaptations required for snorkeling in adult life.Respir Physiol Neurobiol 138: 325-333.

11. 2002. Large Animal Internal Medicine. Mosby, St.Louis, pp.1-1735.

12. Payeur J.B., Jarnagin J.L., Marquardt J.G. and Whipple D.L. 2002. Mycobacterial isolations in captive elephants in the United States.Ann N Y Acad Sci 969: 256-258.

13. Pitts N.I., Mitchell G. and Raath C. 2002. Succinylcholine overdose in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and impala (Aepyceros melampus): pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and physiological responses.South African Journal of Science 98: 581-588.

14. West J.B. 2002. Why Doesn't the Elephant Have a Pleural Space?News Physiol Sci 17: 47-50.

15. Ball R.L. 2001. Ultrasound Evaluation of the Pleura Space and Associated Connective Tissue in the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus). A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 245. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

16. Lekeux, P. and Duvivier, D. H. Aerosol therapy. IVIS . 2001.
Ref Type: Electronic Citation

17. West J.B. 2001. Snorkel breathing in the elephant explains the unique anatomy of its pleura.Respiratory Physiology 126: 1-8.

18. Shojaei H., Magee J.G., Freeman R. et al. 2000. Mycobacterium elephantis sp. nov., a rapidly growing non-chromogenic Mycobacterium isolated from an elephant.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50: 1817-1820.

19. 1999. Equine Medicine and Surgery. Mosby, St. Louis MO USA, pp.1-2076.

20. Duvivier D.H., Votion D., Roberts C.A., Art T. and Lekeux P. 1999. Inhalation therapy of equine respiratory disorders.Equine Veterinary Education 11: 124-130.

21. Fowler M.E. and Miller R.E. 1999. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy 4. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp.1-747.

22. Gaeth A.P., Short R.V. and Renfree M.B. 1999. The developing renal, reproductive, and respiratory systems of the African elephant suggest an aquatic ancestry.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 5555-5558.

23. Gage L.J., Blasko D.R. and Galuppo L.D. 1999. Diagnostics and treatment of severe swelling of the pharyngeal tissues of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, October 9, 1999, pp. 105-108.

24. Brown R.E., Butler J.P., Godleski J.J. and Loring S.H. 1997. The elephant's respiratory system: adaptations to gravitational stress.Respiratory Physiology 110: 67.

25. Osofsky S.A. 1997. A practical anesthesia monitoring protocol for free-ranging adult African elephants (Loxodonta africana).Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33: 72-77.

26. Dalovision J.R., Montenegro-James S., Kemmerly S.A. et al. 1996. Comparison of the amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) direct test, aplicor MTB PCR and IS6, 110-PCR for detection of MTB in respiratory specimens.Clin.Infect.Dis. 23: 1099-1106.

27. Lewandowski K., Busch T., Lewandowski M. et al. 1996. Evidence of nitric oxide in the exhaled gas of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).Respiratory Physiology 106: 91-98.

28. Still J., Raath J.P. and Matzner L. 1996. Respiratory and circulatory parameters of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) anaesthetised with etorphine and azaperone.J S Afr Vet Assoc 67: 123-127.

29. Kramer B. and Hattingh J. 1995. The neuromuscular junction in the African elephant Loxodonta africana and African buffalo Syncerus caffer.South African Journal of Wildlife Research 25: p14, 3p, 2bw.

30. Schumacher J., Heard D.J., Caligiuri R., Norton T. and Jacobson E.R. 1995. Comparative effects of etorphine and carfentanil on cardiopulmonary parameters in juvenile African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 26: 503-507.

31. Honeyman V.L., Pettifer G.R. and Dyson D.H. 1992. Arterial blood pressure and blood gas values in normal standing and laterally recumbent African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23: 205-210.

32. Yathiraj S., Choudhuri P.C., Rao D.S.T. and Reddy P.K. 1992. Clinico-haematological observations on Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus).Indian Veterinary Journal 69: 995-997.

33. Barile M.F., Yoshida H. and Roth H. 1991. Rheumatoid arthritis: New findings on the failure to isolate or detect mycoplasmas by multiple cultivation or serologic procedures and a review of the literature.Reviews of Infectious Diseases 13: 571-582.

34. Fowler M.E. 1991. Tuberculosis in zoo ungulates. In: Essey MA (ed), Bovine tuberculosis in cervidae: Proceedings of a symposium, pp. 37-41. United States Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication No. 1506., Washington,D.C.

35. Gorina L.G., Goncharova S.A. and Igumnov A.V. 1991. Laboratory diagnosis of human mycoplasmoses.Vestnik Adademii Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR 1991: 44-47.

36. Hattingh J., Pitts N.I., De-Vos N.I., Moyes D.G. and Ganhao M.F. 1991. The response of animals to suxamethonium (succinyldicholine) and succinylmonocholine.Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 62: 126-129.

37. Panicker K.R. and Valsala K.V. 1990. Bronchopneumonia in an elephant.Indian Journal of Animal Health 29: 85.

38. Stephanos J.J. and Addison A.W. 1990. Spectroscopic and kinetic aspects of Elephas maximus hemoglobin.Eur.J Biochem. 189: 185-191.

39. Yu L.P., La Mar G.N. and Mizukami H. 1990. Rearrangement of the distal pocket accompanying E7 His----Gln substitution in elephant carbonmonoxy- and oxymyoglobin: ¹H NMR identification of a new aromatic residue in the heme pocket.Biochemistry 29: 2578-2585.

40. Heard D.J., Kollias G.V., Webb A.I., Jacobson E.R. and Brock K.A. 1988. Use of halothane to maintain anesthesia induced with etorphine in juvenile African elephants.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 193: 254-256.

41. Thoen C.O. 1988. Tuberculosis.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 193: 1045-1048.

42. Fischer M.S. 1987. The trunk of elephants.Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 52: 262-263.

43. Sharma V.S., Traylor T.G., Gardiner R. and Mizukami H. 1987. Reaction of nitric oxide with heme proteins and model compounds of hemoglobin.Biochemistry 26: 3837-3843.

44. Johnson B., Burton M. and Qualls C.W., Jr. 1986. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in an African elephant.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 189: 1188-1190.

45. Jongeward K.A., Marsters J.C., Mitchell M.J., Magde D. and Sharma V.S. 1986. Picosecond geminate recombination of nitrosylmyoglobins.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 140: 962-966.

46. Mizukami H. and Bartnicki D.E. 1986. Unusual myoglobin of elephant.Elephant 2: 80-81.

47. Yu N.T., Thompson H.M., Mizukami H. and Gersonde K. 1986. The cobalt-nitrosyl stretching vibration as a sensitive resonance Raman probe for distal histidine-nitrosyl interaction in monomeric hemoglobins.Eur.J Biochem. 159: 129-132.

48. Kerr E.A., Yu N.T., Bartnicki D.E. and Mizukami H. 1985. Resonance raman studies of CO and O₂ binding to elephant myoglobin (distal His(E7)----Gln).Journal of Biological Chemistry 260: 8360-8365.

49. Wemmer C., Mishra H. and Dinerstein E. 1985. Unusual use of the trunk for sound production in a captive Asian elephant: a second case.Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 82: 187.

50. Braunitzer G., Stangl A., Schrank B., Krombach C. and Weisner H. 1984. Phosphate-haemoglobin interaction. The primary structure of the haemoglobin of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana, Proboscidea): asparagine in position 2 of the beta-chain.Hoppe-Seyler's Z.Physiol.Chem. 365: 743-749.

51. Krishnamoorthi R., La Mar G.N., Mizukami H. and Romero A. 1984. A proton NMR investigation of the influence of distal glutamine on structural and dynamic properties of elephant metmyoglobin.Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 265-270.

52. Krishnamoorthi R., La Mar G.N., Mizukami H. and Romero A. 1984. A ¹H NMR comparison of the met-cyano complexes of elephant and sperm whale myoglobin. Assignment of labile proton resonances in the heme cavity and determination of the distal glutamine orientation from relaxation data.Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 8826-8831.

53. Krishnamoorthi R. and La Mar G.N. 1984. Identification of the titrating group in the heme cavity of myoglobin. Evidence for the heme-protein pi-pi interaction.Eur.J Biochem. 138: 135-140.

54. Poupa O. and Brix O. 1984. Cardiac beat frequency and oxygen supply: a comparative study.Comp Biochem Physiol A 78: 1-3.

55. Snider D.E., Jr., Jones W.D. and Good R.C. 1984. The usefulness of phage typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.Am.Rev.Respir.Dis. 130: 1095-1099.

56. Bartnicki D.E., Mizukami H. and Romero-Herrera A.E. 1983. Interaction of ligands with the distal glutamine in elephant myoglobin.Journal of Biological Chemistry 258: 1599-1602.

57. Saunders G. 1983. Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a circus elephant.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 183: 1311-1312.

58. Braunitzer G., Jelkmann W., Stangl A., Schrank B. and Krombach C. 1982. Hemaglobins, XLVIII: the primary structure of hemoglobin of the Indian elephant (Elephas maximus, Proboscidae): beta 2 = Asn.Hoppe.Seylers.Z.Physiol.Chem. 363: 683-691.

59. Jones W.D., Jr. and Good R.C. 1982. Hazel elephant redux (letter).Am.Rev.Respir.Dis. 125: 270.

60. Greenberg H.B., Jung R.C. and Gutter A.E. 1981. Hazel Elephant is dead (of tuberculosis) (letter).Am.Rev.Respir.Dis. 124: 341.

61. Gutter A. 1981. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an Asian elephant. Proc.Am.Assoc.Zoo Vet., pp. 105-106.

62. McGavin M.D., Schroeder E.C., Walker R.D. and McCracken M.D. 1981. Fatal aspiration pneumonia in an African elephant.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 179: 1249-1250.

63. Paladino, F. V., Spotila, J. R., and Pendergast, D. Respiratory variables of Indian and African elephants. American Zoologist 21(4), 1043. 1981.
Ref Type: Abstract

64. Romero-Herrera A.E., Goodman M., Dene H., Bartnicki D.E. and Mizukami H. 1981. An exceptional amino acid replacement on the distal side of the iron atom in proboscidean myoglobin.Journal of Molecular Evolution 17: 140-147.

65. Thoen C.O. and Himes E.M. 1980. Mycobacterial infections in exotic animals. In: Montali RJ and Migaki G (eds), The comparative pathology of zoo animals pp. 241-245. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington,D.C.

66. Bartels H. 1976. Comparative aspects of respiration and circulation in mammals.Pneumonologie Supplement: 1-9.

67. Alford B.T., Burkhart R.L. and Johnson W.P. 1974. Etorphine and diprenorphine as immobilizing and reversing agents in captive and free-ranging mammals.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 164: 702-705.

68. Fowler M.E. and Hart R. 1973. Castration of an Asian elephant, using etorphine anesthesia.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 163: 539-543.

69. Dhindsa D.S., Sedgwick C.J. and Metcalfe J. 1972. Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. VIII. Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana africana).Respiratory Physiology 14: 332-342.

70. McCully R.M., Basson P.A., Pienaar J.G., Erasmus B.J. and Young E. 1971. Herpes nodules in the lung of the African elephant [Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797)].Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 38: 225-236.

71. Gorovitz C. 1969. Tuberculosis in an African elephant.American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Newsletter January 20.

72. Riegel K., Bantels H., Buss I.O. et al. 1967. Comparative studies of respiratory functions of mammalian blood. IV. Fetal and adult African elephant blood.Respiratory Physiology 2: 182.

73. Seneviratna P., Wettimuny S.G. and Seneviratna D. 1966. Fatal tuberculosis pneumonia in an elephant.Veterinary Medicine Small Animal Clinician 60: 129-132.

74. Buettner-Janusch J., Buettner-Janusch V. and Sale J.B. 1964. Plasma proteins and haemoglobins of the African elephant and the hyrax.Nature 201: 510-511.

75. Bartels H., Hilpert P., Barbey K. et al. 1963. Respiratory functions of blood of the yak, llama, camel, Dybowski deer and African elephant.American Journal of Physiology 205: 331-336.

76. Engel S. 1963. The respiratory tissue of the elephant (Elephas indicus), second communication.Acta Anatomica Nipponica 55: 105-111.

77. Riggs A. 1963. The amino acid composition of some mammalian hemoglobins: mouse, guinea pig and elephant.Journal of Biological Chemistry 238: 2983-2987.

78. Evans G.H. 1961. Elephants and Their Diseases: A Treatise on Elephants. Government Printing, Rangoon, Burma, pp.1-323.

79. Halloran P.O. 1955. A bibliography of references to diseases in wild mammals and birds.American Journal of Veterinary Research 16(part 2): 161.

80. Engel S. 1952. The respiratory tissue of the elephant (Elephas indicus).Acta Anatomica Nipponica 16: 308-314.

81. Eales N. 1929. The anatomy of a foetal African elephant, Elephas africanas (Loxodonta africana). Part III. The contents of the thorax and abdomen, and the skeleton.Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 56, part I: 203-246.

82. Todd T.W. 1913. Notes on the respiratory system of the elephant.Anatomischer Anzeiger 44: 175-183.

83. Evans G.H. 1910. Elephants and Their Diseases: A Treatise on Elephants. Government Printing, Rangoon, Burma.

84. Miall L.C. and Greenwood F. 1879. The anatomy of the Indian elephant. Part III alimentary canal and its appendages.Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 13: 17-50.

85. Watson M. 1872. Contributions to the anatomy of the Indian elephant. Part I. The thoracic visera.Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 6: 82-94.

86. Harrison R. 1850. On the larynx, trachea, and oesophagus of the elephant.Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 4: 132-135.

Return to Database Index

Return to Top