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1. Stetter M., Hendrickson D., Zuba J. et al. 2006. Laparoscopic vasectomy as a potential population control method in free ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, p. 177.

2. Wynne J. and Greer L. 2006. Management of digital osteomyelitis in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).
2006 Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 185-186.

3. Naz R.K., Gupta S.K., Gupta J.C., Vyas H.K. and Talwar A.G. 2005. Recent advances in contraceptive vaccine development: a mini-review.Hum Reprod 20: 3271-3283.

4. Stetter M., Grobler D., Zuba J.R. et al. 2005. Laprascopic reproductive sterilization as a method of population control in free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana). 2005 Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, AZA Nutrition Advisory Group, pp. 199-200.

5. Abou-Madi N., Kollias G.V., Hackett R.P. et al. 2004. Umbilical herniorrhaphy in a juvenile Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 35: 221-225.

6. Hildebrandt T.B., Strike T., Flach E. et al. 2003. Fetotomy in the elephant. Proc Amer Assoc Zoo Vet, pp. 89-92.

7. Hildebrandt T.B., Strike T., Flach E. et al. 2003. Fetotomy in the elephant. Erkrankungen der Zootiere, pp. 315-318.

8. Sarma B. 2003. Foot care and common surgical disorders of elephants. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 141-144. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi.

9. Sleeman J.M., Clyde V.L., Finnegan M.V., Ramsay E.C. and Shires M.G. 2003. Mammary botryomycosis and mastectomy in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana).Vet Rec 152: 54-55.

10. Steenkamp G. 2003. Oral biology and disorders of tusked mammals.Veterinary Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 6: 689-725.

11. Zuba J.R., Stetter M.D., Dover S.R. and Briggs M. 2003. Development of rigid laparoscopy techniques in elephants and rhinoceros. Proc Amer Assoc Zoo Vet, pp. 223-227.

12. Cheeran J.V., Radhakrishnan K. and Chandrasekharan K. 2002. Musth.Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 7: 28-30.

13. Nayar K.N.M., Chandrasekharan K. and Radhakrishnan K. 2002. Management of surgical affections in captive elephants.Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 7: 55-59.

14. Sarma B., Pathak S.C. and Sarma K.K. 2002. Medetomidine a novel immobilizing agent for the elephant (Elephas maximus).Research in Veterinary Science 73: 315-317.

15. Boardman W.S.J., Jakob-Hoff R., Huntress S. et al. 2001. The medical and surgical management of foot abscesses in captive Asiatic elephants: case studies. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 121-126. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

16. Cooper R.M., Honeyman V.L. and French D.A. 2001. Surgical management of a chronic infection involving the phalange of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 133-134. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

17. Fagan D.A., Oosterhuis J.E. and Roocroft A. 2001. Captivity disorders in elephants impacted molars and broken tusks.Zool.Garten 71: 281-303.

18. Finnegan M. and Monti M. 2001. Surgical management of phalangeal osteomyelitis in a female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 135-137. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

19. Schmitt D., Krywko R., Reichard T.A. et al. 2001. Surgical approach to artificial insemination in elephants. Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians, Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, and the National Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians Joint Conference, September, 1 A.D., p. 338. USA.

20. Schmitt D.L., Krywko R., Reichard T.A. and Shellabarger W. 2001. Surgical approach to artificial insemination in elephants. In: Kirk Baer C and Wilmette MW (eds), Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians, Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians and the National Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians Joint Conference 2001, September 18, 2001-September 23, 2001, p. 338. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.

21. Schmitt D.L., Krywko R.L., Reichhardt T. et al. 2001. Surgical approach to artificial insemination in elephants. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 129-131. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

22. Sorensen D. 2001. A History of Elephant Foot Care at the Milwaukee County Zoo. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 65-68. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

23. Fowler M.E., Steffey E.P., Galuppo L. and Pascoe J.R. 2000. Facilitation of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) standing immobilization and anesthesia with a sling.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31: 118-123.

24. Pandey S.K. 2000. Management of sinus due to necrosis of right transverse process of second lumbar vertebra in an elephant.Zoos' Print Journal 15: 328.

25. 1999. Equine Medicine and Surgery. Mosby, St. Louis MO USA, pp.1-2076.

26. Foerner J.J. 1999. Dystocia in the elephant. In: Fowler ME and Miller RE (eds), Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy 4 pp. 522-525. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia; USA.

27. Lange A., Hildebrandt T.B., Strauss G. et al. 1999. Feasibilities and limits of obstetrics in elephants. Verh ber Erkg Zootiere, pp. 47-57.

28. Stegmann G.F. 1999. Etorphine-halothane anaesthesia in two five-year-old African elephants (Loxodonta africana).Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association 70: 164-166.

29. Abou-Madi N., Kollias G.V., Sturmer A.T. and Hackett R.P. 1998. Umbilical herniorrhaphy in a juvenile Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Proceedings AAZV and AAWV Joint Conference, pp. 212-216.

30. Hildebrandt T., Goritz F., Pratt N.C. et al. 1998. Reproductive assessment of male elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus) by ultrasonography.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 29: 114-128.

31. Krzywicki Z. 1998. Surgical treatment of the bilateral nictitans prolapse in an elephant.Magazyn Weterynaryjny 7: 29-30.

32. Gage L.J., Fowler M.E., Pascoe J.R. and Blasko D. 1997. Surgical removal of infected phalanges from an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 28: 208-211.

33. Kuntze A. 1997. Surgical diseases in circus elephants.Praktische Tierarzt 78: 194-205.

34. Sharma S.P. 1997. Surgical treatment of gunshot wounds under xylazine and ketamine anaesthesia in an elephant: clinical case report.Indian Veterinary Journal 74: 973-974.

35. Kwon S., Hwang B., Lee G. et al. 1996. Repair of a fractured tusk in an Asian elephant by pulp capping.Korean Journal of Veterinary Clinical Medicine 13: 208-211.

36. Schaftenaar W. 1996. Vaginal vestibulotomy in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 434-439.

37. Still J., Raath J.P. and Matzner L. 1996. Respiratory and circulatory parameters of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) anaesthetised with etorphine and azaperone.J S Afr Vet Assoc 67: 123-127.

38. Gage L.J., Blasko D., Fowler M.E. and Pascoe J. 1995. Surgical removal of infected phalanges from an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Proc Joint Conference AAZV / WDZ / AAWV, p. English.

39. Dunlop C.I., Hodgson D.S., Cambre R.C., Kenny D.E. and Martin H.D. 1994. Cardiopulmonary effects of three prolonged periods of isoflurane anesthesia in an adult elephant.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 205: 1439-1444.

40. Foerner J.J., Houck R., Copeland J.F.Jr. et al. 1994. Surgical castration of the elephant (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25: 355-359.

41. Gross M.E., Clifford C.A. and Hardy D.A. 1994. Excitement in an elephant after intravenous administration of atropine.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 205: 1437-1438.

42. Wallace, C., Byron, T. H., Foerner, J. J., Weston, H., Kilpatrick, J., and Jastremski, M. S. Clinical case report: the medical management and treatment of a 36 year old premiparturient Asian elephant cow with a dystocia and following a Caesarian section. 1994.
Ref Type: Unpublished Work

43. Dubiel A., Gucwinski A., Bielas W. et al. 1993. Treatment of vaginal prolapse in an elephant (Elaphas maximus).Zycie-Weterynaryjne 68: 138-139.

44. Fowler M.E. 1993. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy 3. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp.1-617.

45. Lloyd M., Goddard M., Zeinowicz R. and Harper J.S., III 1993. One approach to the removal of an aural rhabdomyoma in a 7 year old african elephant.Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: 115-119.

46. Olsen J.H. and Byron H.T., Jr. 1993. Castration of the elephant. In: Fowler ME (ed), Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy 3 pp. 441-444. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

47. George P.O. 1992. Some common surgical conditions encountered in elephants. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) p. 173. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

48. Nayar K.N.M., Radhakrishnan K., Chandrasekharan K. et al. 1992. Anaesthesia for surgical manipulations in the elephant. In: Silas EG, Nair MK and Nirmalan G (eds), The Asian Elephant: Ecology, Biology, Diseases, Conservation and Management (Proceedings of the National Symposium on the Asian Elephant held at the Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India, January 1989) pp. 156-158. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.

49. Brahmasa A. 1991. Cryosurgery of cutaneous papilloma in two Asian elephants: a case report.Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 21: 151-159.

50. Kuruwita V.Y. and Abeysinghe A.B. 1991. Surgical correction of blindness due to mature cataract in a domesticated Asian elephant. International Seminar on Veterinary Medicine in Wild & Captive Animals, Bangalore, India, November 8 to 10, 1991, p. 23.

51. Wagner R.A. and Bentz G.H. 1991. An African elephant tusk pulpotomy: a conservative approach.Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: 1-5.

52. 1990. The story of Babe, the Asian elephant.Veterinary Viewpoints 2.

53. Foerner J.J. 1990. Caesarian Section in the Elephant. 11th International Elephant Workshop Proceeding, Oct 24-27, 1990, Milwaukee County Zoo, 1990, pp. 65-71.

54. Kertesz P. 1990. The principles of elephant tusks and their extraction. The Fourth Elephant Keepers Workshop (hosted by Port Lympne Zoo Park), pp. 18-20.

55. Oosterhuis J.E. 1990. The performance of a caesarian section on an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus).Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: 157-158.

56. Pathak S.C., Saikia J., Lahon D.K. et al. 1990. Attempted ventral herniorrhaphy in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) using xylazine sedation.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 21: 234-235.

57. Caffee H.H. 1989. Reconstruction of the distal trunk of an African elephant.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 83: 1049-1051.

58. Franz W., Seidel B. and Jacob A. 1989. Surgical treatment of purulent pododermatitis in an Indian elephant. Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verhandlungsbericht des 31. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zoo- und Wildtiere, Dortmund 1989, pp. 195-199. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, German Democratic Republic.

59. Kuntze A. 1989. Dermatopathies in elephants and their treatment.Kleintierpraxis 34: 405-415.

60. Kuntze A. 1989. Disorders of performing elephants: perineal hernia, prepatellar bursitis and olecranal tyloma. Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verhandlungsbericht des 31. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zoo und Wildtiere, Dortmund 1989, pp. 185-187. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, German Democratic Republic.

61. Welsch B., Jacobson E.R., Kollias G.V. et al. 1989. Tusk extraction in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 20: 446-453.

62. Briggs M., Schmidt M., Black D. et al. 1988. Extraction of an infected tusk in an adult African elephant.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 192: 1455-1456.

63. Grussen, Beatrix. Comparative survey of all literature findings about the anatomy of Indian and African elephants as a basis for practicing veterinary surgeons. Vergleichende Zusammenstellung der Literaturbefunde uber die Anatomie des Indischen und Afrikanischen Elefanten als Grundlage fur tierartzliches Handeln. 1-276. 1988. Hanover.
Ref Type: Report

64. Mihm F.G., Machado C. and Snyder R. 1988. Pulse oximetry and end-tidal CO₂ monitoring of an adult Asian elephant.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 19: 106-109.

65. Morris P.J., Held J.P. and Jensen J.M. 1987. Clinical pathologic features of chronic renal failure in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Proc.1st.Intl.Conf.Zool.Avian Med., pp. 468-472.

66. Apapayya M.K. 1986. Operation elephant detusking.Myforest 22: 149-151.

67. Briggs M., Schmidt M., Black D. et al. 1986. Extraction of an infected tusk in an adult African elephant. Proc.Ann.Elephant Workshop 7, pp. 22-24.

68. Jensen J. 1986. Paralumbar kidney biopsy in a juvenile African elephant. Proc.Am.Assoc.Zoo Vet., p. 17.

69. Merkt H., Ahlers D., Bader H. et al. 1986. Aftercare and recovery of a female Indian elephant after delivery of a dead fetus by episiotomy.Berl.Munch.Tierarztl.Wochenschr. 99: 329-333.

70. Munson L., Heuschele W., O'Banion M.K., Sundberg J.P. and Oosterhuis J.E. 1986. Polyp in the urogenital canal of an African elephant.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 189: 1190-1191.

71. Byron H.T., Olsen J., Schmidt M.J., Copeland J.F.Jr. and Byron L. 1985. Abdominal surgery in three adult male Asian elephants.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 187: 1236-1237.

72. Byron H.T., Copeland J.F., Schmidt M.J., Olsen J. and Houck R. 1985. Surgical approach to the abdomen of the elephant. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Zoo Vet, p. 2.

73. Jacobson E.R. and Sundberg J.P. 1985. Cutaneous fibrous polyps in a captive herd of african elephants. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Zoo Vet, p. 71.

74. Lateur N., Kusse M.D., van der Velden M., Stolk P. and Abdul J.B. 1985. Surgical management of traumatic pulpitis of the tusks in a male Indian elephant. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Zoo Vet, p. 125.

75. Merkt H., Ahlers D., Bader H. et al. 1985. Episiotomy, a new obstetrical intervention in elephant-cows.Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 92: 428-432.

76. Allen J.L., Welsch B., Jacobson E.R., Turner T.A. and Tabeling H. 1984. Medical and surgical management of a fractured tusk in an African elephant.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 185: 1447-1449.

77. Wyatt J.D. 1984. The medical and surgical management of bilateral tusk pulp infections in an African elephant. Proc.Ann.Elephant Workshop 5, pp. 21-25.

78. Flanagan H.O. and Flanagan F.O. 1983. Castration of African elephant Loxodonta africana africana.Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal 13: 50-51.

79. Gehring H. and Schroder H.D. 1982. Castration of an elephant Elephas maximus.Zoologische Garten 52: 365-368.

80. Altmann D. and Krebs W. 1981. Combined Vetalar-Combelen anesthesia of elephant for surgical removal of foreign body from eye.Erkrankungen der Zootiere: 261-265.

81. Fagan D.A. 1981. Extraction of elephant's tooth requires 4-hour procedure.Norden News 56: 36-37.

82. Jarofke D. 1981. Use of halothane oxygen anesthesia in elephants (Elephas maximus).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 12: 93-95.

83. Oosterhuis J.E. and Nelson L.S. 1981. Management of a tibial fracture in an adult African bush elephant. Proc.Am.Assoc.Zoo Vet., p. 109.

84. Sikarski J.G., Riebold T., Stick J. and Washburn J. 1981. Management of esophagotomy in an Asian elephant. Proc.Am.Assoc.Zoo Vet., pp. 106-108.

85. Sundberg J.P., Russell W.C. and Lancaster W. 1981. Papillomatosis in Indian elephants.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 179: 1247-1249.

86. Swaim S.F. 1980. Management of contaminated and infected wounds. Surgery of Traumatized Skin pp. 119-213. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

87. George P.O. 1979. Common surgical conditions in elephants. State Level Workshop on Elephants, pp. 63-67. College of Veterinary and Animal Sicences, Kerala Agricultural University, India.

88. Gruenberg K. and Jarofke D. 1978. Surgical removal of excessive callous growth from the vulva of an Indian elephant (Elephas maximus).Erkrankungen der Zootiere 14: 301-304.

89. Robinson P.T. and Meier J.E. 1977. Surgical removal of a tumor from an Asian elephant.Veterinary Medicine Small Animal Clinician 72: 1638-1640.

90. Bush M., Heese D.W., Gray C.E. and James A.E., Jr. 1976. Surgical repair of tusk injury (pulpectomy) in an adult, male forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis).Journal of the American Dental Association 93: 372-375.

91. Alford B.T., Burkhart R.L. and Johnson W.P. 1974. Etorphine and diprenorphine as immobilizing and reversing agents in captive and free-ranging mammals.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 164: 702-705.

92. Fowler M.E. and Hart R. 1973. Castration of an Asian elephant, using etorphine anesthesia.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 163: 539-543.

93. Fowler M.E. 1973. Castration of an elephant.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 4: 25-27.

94. Fowler M.E. 1972. Castration of an elephant.Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: 25-27.

95. Kunize A. 1972. Operations performed on Indian circus elephants (Elephas maximus).Monatshefte fuer Veterinaermedizin 27: 747-750.

96. Stringer B.G. 1972. Case report: The removal of a tusk in an African elephant.Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: 271-272.

97. Seetharam S.B. 1971. Umbilical hernia in an elephant calf.Ceylon Veterinary Journal 48: 533-536.

98. Singh B.S. 1971. Umbilical hernia in an elephant calf.Indian Veterinary Journal 48: 533-536.

99. Fowler M.E. and Mottram W. 1970. Amputation of the tail in an Asian elephant.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 1: 22-25.

100. Pfaff G. 1940. Diseases of Elephants. Superintendent, Govt. Printing and Stationary, Burma, Rangoon, pp.1-9.

101. Shaw W. 1900. Castration of an elephant.Veterinary Journal of London,N.S. 2: 151-152.

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