 |
Elephant
|
|
. ... |
Return to
Database Index post-traumatic stress disorder, stress, welfare
Elephant
Bibliographic
Database References Updated October 2007 1. Dehnhard M. 2007. Characterisation of the sympathetic nervous system of Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants based on urinary catecholamine analyses.Gen Comp Endocrinol 151: 274-284. 2. Kinahan A.A., Inge-Moller R., Bateman P.W., Kotze A. and Scantlebury M. 2007. Body temperature daily rhythm adaptations in African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana).Physiol Behav [Epub ahead of print. 3. Maple T.L. 2007. Toward a science of welfare for animals in the zoo.J Appl Anim Welf Sci 10: 63-70. 4. Teixeira C.P., Schetini de Azevedo C., Mendl M., Cipreste C.F. and Young R.J. 2007. Revisiting translocation and reintroduction programmes: the importance of considering stress.Animal Behaviour 73: 1-13. 5. Yon L., Kanchanapangka S., Chaiyabutr N. et al. 2007. A longitudinal study of LH, gonadal and adrenal steroids in four intact Asian bull elephants (Elephas maximus) and one castrate African bull (Loxodonta africana) during musth and non-musth periods.Gen Comp Endocrinol. 151: 241-245. 6. Yon L., Kanchanapangka S., Chaiyabutr N. et al. 2007. ACTH stimulation in four Asian bull elephants (Elephas maximus): an investigation of androgen sources in bull elephants.Gen Comp Endocrinol 151: 246-251. 7. Ball R. and Fad O. 2006. Serum cortisols in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in different management systems at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay. 2006 Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 177-180. 8. Druce H., Pretorius K., Druce D. and Slotow R. 2006. The effect of mature elephant bull introductions on resident bull's group size and musth periods: Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa.South African Journal of Wildlife Research 36: 133-137. 9. Elzanowski A. and Sergiel A. 2006. Stereotypic behavior of a female Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus) in a zoo.J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 9: 223-232. 10. Ganguly S., Rao S. and Varma S. 2006. The crisis in captive elephant welfare and management in India: Report from an all-India survey. Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, p. 251. 11. Hutchins M. 2006. Death at the Zoo: The Media, Science, and Reality.Zoo Biology 25: 101-115. 12. Keay J.M., Singh J., Gaunt M.C. and Kaur T. 2006. Fecal glucocorticoids and their metabolites as indicators of stress in various mammalian species: a literature review.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 37: 234-244. 13. Langbauer W., Philp K., Frydman G. and Galvanek J. 2006. The effect of human contact on African elephant heart rate. Proceedings International Elephant Conservation & Research Symposium., 2006, pp. 253-255. 14. Liang Y., McMeeking R.M. and Evans A.G. 2006. A finite element simulation scheme for biological muscular hydrostats.J Theor Biol Epub ahead of print. 15. Tresz H. 2006. Behavioral management at the Phoenix Zoo: New strategies and perspectives.Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 9: 65-70. 16. Bradshaw G.A., Schore A.N., Brown J.L., Poole J.H. and Moss C.J. 2005. Elephant breakdown.Nature 433: 807. 17. Deem S.L., Brown J.L., Eggert L. et al. 2005. Health and management of working elephants in Myanmar (Burma). Procedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 228-231. 18. Ganswindt A., Rasmssen H.B., Heistermann M. and Hodges J.K. 2005. The sexually active states of free-ranging male African elephants (Loxodonta africana): defining musth and non-musth using endocrinology, physical signals, and behavior.Horm Behav 47: 83-91. 19. Ganswindt A., Heistermann M. and Hodges K. 2005. Physical, physiological, and behavioral correlates of musth in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana).Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 78: 505-514. 20. Rahman S.A., Walker L. and Ricketts W. 2005. Global perspectives on animal welfare: Asia, the Far East, and Oceania.Rev Sci Tech 24: 597-612. 21. Bradshaw I.G.A. 2004. Not by Bread Alone: Symbolic Loss, Trauma, and Recovery in Elephant Communities.Society And Animals 12: 143-158. 22. Buchanan K.L. and Goldsmith A.R. 2004. Noninvasive endocrine data for behavioural studies: The importance of validation.Animal Behaviour 67: 183-185. 23. Burks K.D., Mellen J.D., Miller G.W. et al. 2004. Comparison of two introduction methods for African elephants (Loxodonta africana).Zoo Biology 23: 109-126. 24. Dembiec D.P., Snider R.J. and Zanella A.J. 2004. The effects of transport stress on tiger physiology and behavior.Zoo Biology 23: 335-346. 25. Hildebrandt T.B., Hermes R., Janssen D.L. et al. 2004. Reproductive evaluation in wild African elephants prior to translocation. 2004 PROCEEDINGS AAZV, AAWV, WDA JOINT CONFERENCE, pp. 75-76. 26. Isaza R. and Hunter R.P. 2004. Drug delivery to captive Asian elephants - treating goliath.Current Drug Delivery 1: 291-298. 27. Rees P.A. 2004. Some preliminary evidence of the social facilitation of mounting behavior in a juvenile bull asian elephant (Elephas maximus).J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 7: 49-59.
28.
Smith, T. Zoo research guidelines: Monitoring stress in zoo animals.
2004. London, Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and
Ireland. 29. Stiles D. 2004. The ivory trade and elephant conservation.Environmental Conservation 31: 309-321. 30. Tefera M. 2004. Recent evidence of animal exploitation in the Axumite epoch, 1st-5th centuries AD.Trop Anim Health Prod 36: 105-116. 31. Wilson M.L., Bloomsmith M.A. and Maple T.L. 2004. Stereotypic swaying and serum cortisol concentrations in three captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana).Animal-Welfare 13: 39-43. 32. Wiseman R., Page B.R. and O'Connor T.G. 2004. Woody vegetation change in response to browsing in Ithala Game Reserve, South Africa.South African Journal of Wildlife Research 34: 25-37. 33. 2003. Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi, pp.1-199.
34. In
safe hands: A response to the RSPCA report on the welfare of elephants
in captivity. 1-8. 2003. London, Federation of Zoological Gardens of
Great Britain and Ireland. 35. Coe J.C. 2003. Steering the ark toward Eden: Design for animal well-being.J Am Vet Med Assoc 223: 977-980. 36. Easwaran K.R., Ravindran R. and Pillai K.M. 2003. Parasitic infections of some wild animals at Thekkady in Kerala.Zoos' Print Journal 18: 1030. 37. Ganswindt A., Palme R., Heistermann M., Borragan S. and Hodges J.K. 2003. Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical function in the male African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and its relation to musth.Gen Comp Endocrinol 134: 156-166. 38. Hermes R., Arav A., Saragusty J. et al. 2003. Cryopreservation of Asian elephant spermatozoa using directional freezing. Proc.Amer Assoc of Zoo Veterinarians, p. 264. 39. Langman V.A., Rowe M., Forthman D. et al. 2003. Quantifying shade using a standard environment.Zoo Biology 22: 253-260. 40. Meredith M. 2003. Biography of an Endangered Species in Africa. PublicAffairs, pp.1-288. 41. Mikota S.K., Hammatt H. and Finnegan M. 2003. Occurrence and prevention of capture wounds in Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Proc Amer Assoc Zoo Vet, pp. 291-293. 42. Rees P.A. 2003. The welfare and conservation of Asian elephants – a reply to Sukumar.Oryx 37: 25. 43. Sukumar K. 2003. Asian elephants in zoos – a response to Rees.Oryx 37: 23-24. 44. Talukdar B.N. 2003. Practices on welfare and prevention of cruelty: legal provisions related to elephant. In: Das D (ed), Healthcare, Breeding and Management of Asian Elephants pp. 180-190. Project Elephant. Govt. of India, New Delhi. 45. Wingfield J.C. and Sapolsky R.M. 2003. Reproduction and resistance to stress: When and how.Journal of Neuroendocrinology 15: 711-724.
46.
Live hard, die young - how elephants suffer in zoos. 1-11. 2002.
Southwater, U.K., RSPCA / Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals. 47. Bechert U.S. and Southern S. 2002. Monitoring Environmental Stress in African Elephants (Loxodonta africana ) through Molecular Analysis of Stress-Activated Proteins. In: Baer CK (ed), Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, pp. 249-253. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 48. Cheeran J.V. 2002. Training and Management of Elephants.Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 7: 21-23.
49.
Clubb, R. and Mason, G. A review of the welfare of zoo elephants in
Europe: A report commissioned by the RSPCA. 1-280. 2002. Oxford,U.K.,
University of Oxford, Animal Behaviour Research Group, Department of
Zoology. 50. Grandy J.W. and Rutberg A.T. 2002. An animal welfare view of wildlife contraception.Reprod Suppl 60: 1-7. 51. Lair R. 2002. A regional overview of the need for registration of domesticated Asian elephants. In: Baker I and Kashio M (eds), Giants on Our Hands: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Domesticated Asian Elephant, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-10 February 2001. pp. 8-13. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAPA), Bangkok; Thailand. 52. Lohanan R. 2002. The elephant situation in Thailand and a plea for co-operation. In: Baker I and Kashio M (eds), Giants on Our Hands: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Domesticated Asian Elephant, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-10 February 2001. pp. 231-238. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAPA), Bangkok; Thailand. 53. Milroy A.J.W. 2002. A.J.W. Milroy's Management of Elephants in Captivity. Natraj Publishers, Dehra Dun, New Delhi, India, pp.1-160. 54. Prabhkaran L. 2002. Humane treatment of elephants and the legal perspective.Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 7: 49-51. 55. Ratanakorn P. 2002. The role of NGOs in the management of domesticated elephants in Thailand. In: Baker I and Kashio M (eds), Giants on Our Hands: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Domesticated Asian Elephant, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-10 February 2001. pp. 227-229. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAPA), Bangkok; Thailand. 56. Saseendran P.C., Anil K.S., Nair A., Radhakrishnan K. and Prasad A. 2002. Elephants and work.Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 7: 41, 48-48. 57. Schmid J. 2002. Keeping circus elephants temporarily in paddocks - the effects on their behaviour.Animal Welfare 4: 87-101. 58. Suprayogi B., Sugardjito J. and Lilley R.P.H. 2002. Management of Sumatran elephants in Indonesia: problems and challenges. In: Baker I and Kashio M (eds), Giants on Our Hands: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Domesticated Asian Elephant, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-10 February 2001. pp. 183-194. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAPA), Bangkok; Thailand. 59. Wielebnowski N.C. and Fletchall N. 2002. Noninvasive assessment of adrenal activity associated with husbandry and behavioral factors in the North American clouded leopard population.Zoo Biology 21: 77-98. 60. Buckely C. 2001. Captive Elephant Foot Care: Natural Habitat Husbandry Techniques. In: Csuti B, Sargent EL and Bechert US (eds), The Elephant's Foot pp. 53-55. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 61. Foley C.A.H., Papageorge S. and Wasser S.K. 2001. Noninvasive stress and reproductive measures of social and ecological pressures in free-ranging African elephants.Conserv Biol 15: 1134-1142. 62. Ganswindt A., Heistermann M. and Hodges J.K. 2001. Faecal Glucocorticoid and Androgen Metabolite Excretion in Male African Elephants (Loxodonta africana). A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 258. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 63. Garai M. 2001. Social Behaviour of the Elephants at Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage, Sri Lanka. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 32-40. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 64. Groo M. 2001. The elephant listening project.AWI (Animal Welfare Institute?) quarterly 50: 10. 65. Gsandtner H. and Schwammer H. 2001. Future Perspectives for Elephant-Keeping in Circuses. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 263. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 66. Kurt F. and Garai M. 2001. Stereotypies in Captive Asian Elephants - A Symptom of Social Isolation. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 57-63. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 67. Mellen J. and MacPhee M.S. 2001. Philosophy of environmental enrichment: past, present, and future.Zoo Biology 20: 211-226. 68. Miller M., Neiffer D., Weber M. et al. 2001. Salmonella Culture and PCR Results in a Group of Captive African Elephants (Loxodonta africana). A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, pp. 83-86. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 69. Schmid J., Heistermann M., Ganslosser U. and Hodges J.K. 2001. Introduction of foreign female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) into an existing group: behavioural reactions and changes in cortisol levels.Animal-Welfare 10: 357-372. 70. Southern S. 2001. Molecular analysis of stress-activated proteins and genes in dolphins and whales: a new technique for monitoring environmental stress. Proc AAZV and AAAM Joint Conference, pp. 240-242. 71. Suedmeyer W.K. 2001. Serum hydrocortisone levels in a manually restrained African elephant (Loxodonta africana) pre- and post- semen collection. In: Kirk Baer C and Wilmette MW (eds), Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians, Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians and the National Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians Joint Conference, September 18, 2001-September 23, 2001, pp. 388-389. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. 72. Toscano M.J., Friend T.H. and Nevill M.S. 2001. Environmental conditions and body temperature of circus elephants transported during relatively high and low temperature conditions.Journal of the Elephant Managers Association 12: 115-149. 73. Wehnelt S. 2001. The New Elephant Exhibit at Chester Zoo - High Husbandry and Welfare Standards. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, 2001, p. 293. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 74. Wemelsfelder F., Hunter T.E.A., Mendl M.T. and Lawrence A.B. 2001. Assessing the 'whole animal': A free choice profiling approach.Animal Behaviour 62: 209-220. 75. Wilson M.L., Bloomsmith M.A., Crane M. and Maple T.L. 2001. Behavior and serum cortisol concentrations of three captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana): preliminary results. A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos; Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001, pp. 147-149. Schuling Verlag, Vienna, Austria. 76. Boomershine C.S. and Zwilling B.S. 2000. Stress and the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 22: 177-182. 77. Lewis M.H., Gluck J.P., Petitto J.M., Hensley L.L. and Ozer H. 2000. Early social deprivation in nonhuman primates: long-term effects on survival and cell-mediated immunity.Society of Biological Psychiatry 47: 119-126. 78. Lewis M.H., Gluck J.P., Petitto J.M., Hensley L.L. and Ozer H. 2000. Early social deprivation in nonhuman primates: long-term effects on survival and cell-mediated immunity.Biol Psychiatry 47: 119-126. 79. Mikota S.K. 2000. Sumatra's elephant training centers: a call for assistance. AAZV and IAAAM Joint Conference, pp. 127-129. 80. Stead S.K., Meltzer D.G.A. and Palme R. 2000. The measurement of glucocorticoid concentrations in the serum and faeces of captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana) after ACTH stimulation.Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association 71: 192-196. 81. Wasser S.K., Hunt K.E., Brown J.L. et al. 2000. A generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species.Gen Comp Endocrinol 120: 260-275. 82. Chatkupt T.T., Sollod A.E. and Sarobol S. 1999. Elephants in Thailand: Determinants of Health and Welfare in Working Populations.Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 2: 187-203. 83. Friend T.H. and Parke M.L. 1999. The effect of penning versus picketing on stereotypic behavior of circus elephants.Applied Animal Behaviour Science 64: 213-225. 84. 1998. National Symposium on Elephant Management and Conservation. 1998, pp. 1-94. Jayantha Jayewardene and Charles Santiapillai, Organizers, Sri Lanka.
85.
Elephants in need :action alert. 1998. Washington,D.C., Humane Society
of the United States; DNAL Videocassette-no.-2744 (6 min). 86. Taylor V.J. and Poole T.B. 1998. Captive breeding and infant mortality in Asian elephants: a comparison between twenty Western zoos and three Eastern elephant centers.Zoo Biology 17: 311-332. 87. Brown R.E., Butler J.P., Godleski J.J. and Loring S.H. 1997. The elephant's respiratory system: adaptations to gravitational stress.Respiratory Physiology 110: 67. 88. Arnold C. 1996. Riddle's elephant breeding farm and wildlife sanctuary and Hendrix College- -people helping animals and people. Proceedings of the 30th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology 14-17 August, 1996, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, p. 74. 89. Friend T. and Bushong D. 1996. Stereotypic behaviour in circus elephants and the effect of "anticipation" of feeding, watering and performing. Proceedings of the 30th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology 14-17 August, 1996, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, p. 30. 90. Schmid J. and Kurt F. 1996. Stereotypes in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). First International Symposium on Physiology and Ethology of Wild and Zoo Animals. 91. Barua P. 1995. Managing a Problem Population of Elephants. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 150-161. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India. 92. Brown J.L., Wemmer C.M. and Lehnhardt J. 1995. Urinary Cortisol Analysis for Monitoring Adrenal Activity in Elephants.Zoo Biology 14: 533-542. 93. Fowler M.E. 1995. Restraint and handling of wild and domestic animals. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, p.viii-383.
94.
Krishnamurthy, V. and Wemmer, C. Veterinary Care of Asian Timber
Elephants in India: Historical Accounts and Current Observations. 534.
1995. Bombay, India, Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University
Press. 95. Nummela S. 1995. Scaling of the mammalian middle ear.Hear Res 85: 18-30. 96. Watve M.G. 1995. Helminth Parasites of Elephants: Ecological Aspects. In: Daniel JC (ed), A Week with Elephants; Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants pp. 289-295. Bombay Natural History Society; Oxford University Press, Bombay, India. 97. Williams L.M. and Williams T. 1995. Please pass up the salt. Sandridge, Bloomington, Ind.USA. 98. Schmid J. and Zeeb K. 1994. The establishment of the paddocks for keeping elephants in the circus.Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 101: 50-52. 99. Kock M.D., Martin R.B. and Kock N. 1993. Chemical immobilization of free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Zimbabwe, using etorphine (M99) mixed with hyaluronidase, and evaluation of biological data collected soon after immobilization.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24: 1-10. 100. Rubin L.A. and Hawker G.A. 1993. Stress and the immune system: preliminary observations in rheumatoid arthritis using an in vivo marker of immune activity.Arthritis and Rheumatism 3: 204-207. 101. Dathe H.H., Kuckelkorn B. and Minnemann D. 1992. Salivary cortisol assessment for stress detection in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus): A pilot study.Zoo Biology 11: 285-289. 102. Hattingh J. and Petty D. 1992. Comparative physiological responses to stressors in animals.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Comparative-Physiology 101: 113-116. 103. Kock M.D. 1992. Use of hyaluronidase and increased etorphine (M99) doses to improve induction times and reduce capture-related stress in the chemical immobilization of the free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in Zimbabwe.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23: 181-188. 104. McNeely J.A. 1992. Elephants as beasts of burden. In: Shoshani J (ed), Elephants. Majestic creatures of the wild pp. 149-151. Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania. 105. Jarjour W.N., Jeffries B.D., Davis J.S. et al. 1991. Autoantibodies to human stress proteins.Arthritis and Rheumatism 34: 1133-1138. 106. Morton D.J. and Kock M.D. 1991. Stability of hyaluronidase in solution with etorphine and xylazine.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 22: 345-347. 107. Cockrill W.R. 1990. World Association for Transport Animal Welfare and Studies. Inaugural Meeting. Wolfson College Oxford, 12 December 1989. Working animals international. World Association for Transport Animal Welfare and Studies. Inaugural Meeting. Wolfson College Oxford, 12 December 1989. Working animals international., pp. 1-78. Oxford, UK. 108. Hovell G.J.R. 1990. Transport animals promoted.British Veterinary Journal 146: 385-386.
109. Kiley-Worthington,
M. Are elephants in zoos and circuses distressed? Applied Animal
Behaviour Science 26(3), 299. 1990. 110. Sabin J.E. 1990. Joseph Hersey Pratt's cost-effective class method and its contemporary application.Psychiatry 53: 169-184. 111. Carter S. 1989. Occupational stress and elephant management. Proc.Ann.Elephant Workshop 10, pp. 33-37. 112. Kuntze A. 1989. Dermatopathies in elephants and their treatment.Kleintierpraxis 34: 405-415. 113. Hattingh J. 1986. Physiological measurement of stress.South African Journal of Science 82: 612-614. 114. Moore D.E. and Doyle C.E. 1986. Elephant training and ride operations, part I: animal health, cost/benefit and philosophy.Elephant 2: 19-31. 115. Siegel R.K. 1984. LSD-induced effects in elephants: comparisons with musth behavior.Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 22: 53-56. 116. Siegel R.K. and Brodie M. 1984. Alcohol self-administration by elephants.Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 22: 49-52. 117. Greenberg J. 1983. Natural highs in natural habitats.Science News 124: 300-301. 118. Alexander R.M., Maloiy G.M.O., Hunter B., Jayes A.S. and Nturibi J. 1979. Mechanical stresses in fast locomotion of buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and elephant (Loxodonta africana).Journal of Zoology (Lond) 189: 135-144. 119. Buss I.O., Estes J.A., Rasmussen L.E. and Smuts G.L. 1976. The role of stress and individual recognition in the function of the African elephant's temporal gland.Mammalia 40: 437-451. 120. McCullagh K.G. 1975. Arteriosclerosis in the African elephant: Part 2. Medial sclerosis.Atherosclerosis 21: 37-59. 121. Sikes S.K. 1969. Habitat and cardiovascular diseases, observations made on elephants (Loxodonta africana) and other free-living animals in East Africa.Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 32: 1-104. 122. Meyer-Holzapfel M. 1968. Abnormal behavior in zoo animals. Abnormal behavior in animals pp. 479-484. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 123. West L.J. and Pierce C.M. 1962. Lysergic acid diethylamide: Its effects on a male Asiatic elephant.Science 138: 1100-1103. 124. Holmes T.H. 1956. Multidiscipline studies of tuberculosis. In: Sparer PJ (ed), Personality,stress, and tuberculosis pp. 65-125. Int. Univ. Press, New York. 125. Nicholson B.D. 1956. The African elephant: How to shoot it humanely, when necessary.African Wild Life 10: 25-36. 126. Selye H. 1956. Recent progress in stress research, with reference to tuberculosis. In: Sparer PJ (ed), Personality, stress, and tuberculosis pp. 45-64. Int. Univ. Press, New York.
127.
Lieberman, S. S. African elephants: Can we end the slaughter. Anim.
Agenda v.9. 41-43. 1955. Monroe, Conn. USA, Animal Rights Network. 128. Milroy A.J.W. 1922. A short tretise on the management of elephants. Government Printer, Shillong. 129. Ishigami T. 1918. The influence of psychic acts on the progress of pulmonary tuberculosis.Am.Rev.Tuberc. 2: 470-484. 130. Tennent J.E. 1867. The wild elephant and the method of capturing and taming it in Ceylon. Longmans, Green and Co., London, pp.1-198. 131. 1839. The Elephant (as he exists in a wild state and as he has been made subservient, in peace and war, to the purposes of man). Harper and Brothers, New York, pp.1-300.
|
|
